scholarly journals Development of Wind Energy and the Installed Wind Power Plants in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Cansev Genç ◽  
Abdulla Sakalli ◽  
Ivaylo Stoyanov ◽  
Teodor Iliev ◽  
Grigor Mihaylov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Wind Generators ◽  
Wind Power Plants

This article analyses the development of wind energy in Turkey - the number and capacity of installed wind generators, as well as the generated electricity. It was established that the number of wind power plants is 99 with a total installed capacity of 3933 MW, and the amount of electricity produced by wind power plants is 17909.3 GWh / year. Turkey has been shown to have great potential for developing electricity generation from offshore wind farms. The increase in the number of offshore wind turbines in the coming years is expected to increase the relative share of renewable sources in the country’s energy mix, to contribute to the technological and industrial development of the regions, to produce electricity from renewable and environmentally friendly sources and to reduce the country’s energy dependence. It has been established that there are appropriate conditions in Turkey for the development of wind energy and preconditions have been created for achieving the target for promoting the use of renewable energy sources by 2023.

scholarly journals Assessment of Energy Use and Elimination of Co2 Emissions in the Life Cycle of an Offshore Wind Power Plant Farm

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Tomporowski ◽  
Józef Flizikowski ◽  
Marek Opielak ◽  
Robert Kasner ◽  
Weronika Kruszelnicka
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Wind Power Plants

Abstract Power stations in marine locations cause multi-faceted impact on the environment, man and the economy. There are not many studies devoted to modeling energy benefits for CO2 emissions. The paper presents the issues of assessing the efficiency of offshore wind farms, defined as the ratio of benefits to life cycle inputs. The scientific goal was to develop a mathematical model for efficiency in the design, manufacture, use and management of offshore wind power. The papers practical purpose is the experimental designation of the impact of selected post-use management methods, time of use and maritime location, i.e. average annual productivity of wind power plants on the efficiency of energy benefits from greenhouse gas emissions. The mathematical model of the integrated cost-benefit ratio has been developed for energy use assessment, taking into account the benefits generated by electricity production and the life-cycle CO2 emissions based on the LCA analysis using the CML method. Mathematical model validation was performed by determining the value of the indicator for an existing 2 MW offshore wind farm and comparatively for fossil fuel production: lignite, stone, fuel oil and natural gas. Analytical and research work carried out showed that the higher the efficiency index, the higher the value of the indicator. It has been shown that the location of the power station at sea produces more favorable CO2 elimination rates, due to higher productivity compared to in-land wind power plants. A more favorable form of post-consumer management for CO2 has been determined as recycling. It was found that for electricity generated from offshore wind farms, the value of the energy efficiency benefit from CO2 emissions is higher than for fossil fuel energy production.

scholarly journals Optimization of Wind Turbine Interconnections in an Offshore Wind Farm Using Metaheuristic Algorithms

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chakib El Mokhi ◽  
Adnane Addaim
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Metaheuristic Algorithms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms

Wind energy is currently one of the fastest-growing renewable energy sources in the world. For this reason, research on methods to render wind farms more energy efficient is reasonable. The optimization of wind turbine positions within wind farms makes the exploitation of wind energy more efficient and the wind farms more competitive with other energy resources. The investment costs alone for substation and electrical infrastructure for offshore wind farms run around 15–30% of the total investment costs of the project, which are considered high. Optimizing the substation location can reduce these costs, which also minimizes the overall cable length within the wind farm. In parallel, optimizing the cable routing can provide an additional benefit by finding the optimal grid network routing. In this article, the authors show the procedure on how to create an optimized wind farm already in the design phase using metaheuristic algorithms. Besides the optimization of wind turbine positions for more energy efficiency, the optimization methods of the substation location and the cable routing for the collector system to avoid cable losses are also presented.

scholarly journals Evolution of the HVDC Link Connecting Offshore Wind Farms to Onshore Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Ryndzionek ◽  
Łukasz Sienkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Wind Power Plants

This paper presents an overview of the DC link development and evolution dedicated to HVDC structure for connecting offshore wind power plants to onshore power systems. The growing demand for the green energy has forced investors in power industry to look for resources further out at sea. Hence, the development of power electronics and industrial engineering has enabled offshore wind farms to be situated further from the shore and in deeper waters. However, their development will require, among other technologies, DC-DC conversion systems. The advantages of HVDC over HVAC technology in relation to transmission distance are given. The different HVDC configurations and topologies of HVDC converters are elucidated. In this context, the HVDC grids are a promising alternative for the expansion of the existing AC grid.

scholarly journals Grid-forming control strategies for blackstart by offshore wind farms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anubhav Jain ◽  
Jayachandra N. Sakamuri ◽  
Nicolaos A. Cutululis
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Wind Power Plants

Abstract. Large-scale integration of renewable energy sources with power-electronic converters is pushing the power system closer to its dynamic stability limit. This has increased the risk of wide-area blackouts. Thus, the changing generation profile in the power system necessitates the use of alternate sources of energy such as wind power plants, to provide blackstart services in the future. This however, requires grid-forming and not the traditionally prevalent grid-following wind turbines. In this paper, four different grid-forming control strategies have been implemented in an HVDC-connected wind farm. A simulation study has been carried out to test the different control schemes for the different stages of energization of onshore load by the wind farm. Their transient behaviour during transformer inrush, converter pre-charge and de-blocking, and onshore block-load pickup, has been compared to demonstrate the blackstart capabilities of grid-forming wind power plants for early participation in power system restoration.

Thermo-Ecological Cost of Electricity Generated in Wind Turbine Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Simla ◽  
Wojciech Stanek ◽  
Lucyna Czarnowska
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
Ecological Cost

Wind power is one of the most popular renewable energy sources (RES), characterized by rapid growth of installed power in the energy mix of many countries. Usually, the influence of wind technologies on the depletion of nonrenewable resources is evaluated taking into account the consumption of energy and materials in the construction phase. However, it should be noted that the major drawback of wind energy is its random availability which also influences the consumption of resources. This consumption results from the necessity of compensation for random operation of wind power plants by conventional ones operating in off-design point. In the present work, thermo-ecological cost (TEC) is proposed for the evaluation of the performance of wind generation systems operating with random accessibility of wind energy. The presented analysis focuses on the estimation of additional non-renewable energy consumption due to the part-load operation of the conventional power units. Different strategies are assumed for the compensation for the hourly wind power variations. The presented results of TEC analysis show that the part of TEC resulting from induced losses can be significant. The authors prove that, within the assessment of wind turbines, the induced losses cannot be omitted.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Climate Conditions on Harnessing Coastal (Offshore) Wind Energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 05010
Author(s):  
Shamima Akter ◽  
Joon Kiat Loo ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Impact

This study analyses the relationship among various climate factors and their effect on the wind power density available in a coastal region. Climate data from several offshore wind farms in the East Asian region is extracted to perform the calculations and analysis. Reasons for variations of climate parameters such as average wind speed, average temperature, air density, average pressure, average precipitation, average humidity and their influences on wind power generation are explored. It is expected that this study will help the investors to perform a feasibility study on the availability of wind energy at a certain nearshore area before setting up wind farms.

scholarly journals Grid-forming control strategies for black start by offshore wind power plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1297-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anubhav Jain ◽  
Jayachandra N. Sakamuri ◽  
Nicolaos A. Cutululis
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wind Power Plants

Abstract. Large-scale integration of renewable energy sources with power-electronic converters is pushing the power system closer to its dynamic stability limit. This has increased the risk of wide-area blackouts. Thus, the changing generation profile in the power system necessitates the use of alternate sources of energy such as wind power plants, to provide black-start services in the future. However, this requires grid-forming and not the traditionally prevalent grid-following wind turbines. This paper introduces the general working principle of grid-forming control and examines four of such control schemes. To compare their performance, a simulation study has been carried out for the different stages of energization of onshore load by a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC)-connected wind power plant. Their transient behaviour during transformer inrush, converter pre-charging and de-blocking, and onshore block-load pickup has been compared and analysed qualitatively to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each control strategy.

Evaluating the essential barrier to off-shore wind energy – an Indian perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannan Govindan ◽  
Madan Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Common Barriers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the essential barrier and reveal the priority among common barriers to offshore wind energy in an Indian context with the assistance of the proposed framework. Design/methodology/approach Based on the proposed framework, a five-phase methodology was adapted to explore the essential barrier step by step. The common barriers, which were collected from the existing literatures through a systematic review, were further validated by field experts. The collected common barriers were evaluated with the assistance of the case industry’s field professionals through an analytical hierarchy process, a multi-criteria decision-making tool, to evaluate the barriers to Indian offshore wind energy. Findings Among the 12 common barriers to offshore wind energy, it is clear that “high capital cost” is the most essential barrier involved in the implementation of offshore wind energy farms in the Indian context. Practical implications This study reveals the importance of offshore wind power as a long-term profitable strategy to the case company within the Indian context. By addressing the essential barriers to the implementation of offshore wind farms, the Indian offshore wind system managers can train their employees to counteract the hindrances through the benchmarking of pioneering global offshore wind power developers such as Denmark and the UK. Further, this study provides useful suggestions to the Indian Government regarding policies for offshore wind energy; it also clearly projects the current status of the Indian offshore wind farm implementation. Originality/value This study assists Indian key stakeholders of offshore wind energy by indicating the essential barrier in an Indian context; they can remove the particular barrier instead of focusing on others that previous studies have identified. Further, this study brings out the importance of offshore wind power in an Indian context, which can urge stakeholders to invest more in offshore wind farms.

scholarly journals Resource and Load Compatibility Assessment of Wind Energy Offshore of Humboldt County, California

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5707
Author(s):  
Christina Ortega ◽  
Amin Younes ◽  
Mark Severy ◽  
Charles Chamberlin ◽  
Arne Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Ocean Energy ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Humboldt County ◽  
Wind Generators ◽  
Annual Capacity

Floating offshore wind is being considered in northern California as indicated by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management’s issuance of a lease consideration in the Humboldt Call Area. Humboldt County offers access to this enormous resource, but local electric load and transmission are limited. The potential impacts of offshore wind generators at three different scales were studied using a regional grid model of Humboldt County. Offshore wind generation was calculated using modeled wind speed data and 12-MW turbine specifications and integrated with projected load and historical generation. Offshore wind farms deployed in the Humboldt Call Area achieve annual capacity factors between 45% and 54% after losses and maintenance. Power output is variable between and within seasons, with full power output 30% of the time and no output approximately 20% of the time. Electricity from a 48-MW wind farm provides 22% of regional load with limited exports. A 144-MW wind farm serves 38% of local load, exporting 40% of its electricity with the extant 70-MW transmission capacity. A full build-out of 1836 MW would result in 88% curtailment with existing transmission. Across scenarios, offshore wind variability necessitates reliance on existing power plants to meet local demand in periods of low wind.

Offshore Wind Farms for Hydrogen Production Subject to Uncertainties

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Kassem
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Assessment

Wind power is a source of clean, nonpolluting electricity, which is quite competitive, if installed at favorable wind sites, with fossil fuel and nuclear power generation. Wind power is an intermittent electricity generator; which does not provide electric power on an “as needed” basis. The major challenge in wind energy assessment is how accurately the wind energy can be predicted and the capital investment cost is estimated. Therefore, wind energy is subject to some uncertainties, which must be accounted for to provide meaningful and reliable estimates of performance and economic figures-of-merit. Off-peak power from wind farms can be utilized for hydrogen production using water electrolysis. This study applies methods of risk analysis to evaluate the simultaneous effect of multiple input uncertainties, and provide an assessment of the-techno-economic viability of offshore wind farms for electrolytic hydrogen production. The capacity factor of wind turbine has a dominant effect on the wind power economy.

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