annual capacity
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2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Olayide R. Adetunji ◽  
Montfort C. Ogbuokiri ◽  
Olawale U. Dairo ◽  
Olanrewaju B. Olatunde ◽  
Iliyas K. Okediran

Industrial excess heat is a largely untapped resource that has the potential for external use that would be beneficial to the cement industry. Therefore, this work studied the excess heat utilization for the optimization of production cost in a cement plant within a period of three years. The study of plant layout in the selected plant in Nigeria (Ewekoro II Cement Plant of 200 tonnes/hour) was carried out to identify areas where excess heat is generated. The temperature and static pressure of precalciner, kiln, and cyclone were taken using a temperature probe, pitot tube, digital manometer, and light-emitting diode temperature reader. These parameters were used to obtain the mass flow rate and heat transfer needed for the heat energy analysis of the system. The kiln was maintained at constant tonnage per hour through a clinker truck weighed using the weighbridge. The result showed that the heat generated from the kiln was 577,640,260 MJ/hr. through excess air draft of 780,000 m3/hr (89.4%) at 250 °C and induced draft fan of 900,000 m3/hr at 350 °C. The result showed that excess heat can be utilized in pre-heater and air quenched cooler boilers, steam turbines and auxiliaries, and generators. The total estimated heat that could be saved amounted to 344,648,250 MJ with a total annual capacity of 2.25 million tonnes of cement. A saving of over two billion dollars could be achieved in production cost per year.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Vanem ◽  
Øystein Åsheim Alnes ◽  
James Lam

Battery systems are becoming an increasingly attractive alternative for powering ocean going ships, and the number of fully electric or hybrid ships relying on battery power for propulsion and maneuvering is growing. In order to ensure the safety of such electric ships, it is of paramount importance to monitor the available energy that can be stored in the batteries, and classification societies typically require that the state of health of the batteries can be verified by independent tests – annual capacity tests. However, this paper discusses data-driven diagnostics for state of health modelling for maritime battery systems based on operational sensor data collected from the batteries as an alternative approach. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive review of different data-driven approaches to state of health modelling, and aims at giving an overview of current state of the art. Furthermore, the various methods for data-driven diagnostics are categorized in a few overall approaches with quite different properties and requirements with respect to data for training and from the operational phase. More than 300 papers have been reviewed, most of which are referred to in this paper. Moreover, some reflections and discussions on what types of approaches can be suitable for modelling and independent verification of state of health for maritime battery systems are presented. 


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Sheridan ◽  
Caleb Phillips ◽  
Alice C. Orrell ◽  
Larry K. Berg ◽  
Heidi Tinnesand ◽  
...  

Abstract. Due to financial and temporal limitations, the small wind community relies upon simplified wind speed models and energy production simulation tools to assess site suitability and produce energy generation expectations. While efficient and user-friendly, these models and tools are subject to errors that have been insufficiently quantified at small wind turbine heights. This study leverages observations from meteorological towers and sodars across the United States to validate wind speed estimates from the Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5), and the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), revealing average biases within ±0.5 m s−1 at small wind hub heights. Observations from small wind turbines across the United States provide references for validating energy production estimates from the System Advisor Model (SAM), Wind Report, and MyWindTurbine.com, which are seen to overestimate actual annual capacity factors by 2.5, 4.2, and 11.5 percentage points, respectively. In addition to quantifying the error metrics, this paper identifies sources of model and tool discrepancies, noting that interannual fluctuation in the wind resource, wind speed class, and loss assumptions produce more variability in estimates than different horizontal and vertical interpolation techniques. The results of this study provide small wind installers and owners with information about these challenges to consider when making performance estimates and thus possible adjustments accordingly. Looking to the future, recognizing these error metrics and sources of discrepancies provides model and tool researchers and developers with opportunities for product improvement that could positively impact small wind customer confidence and the ability to finance small wind projects.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
AMANZHAN MAKSUTKANOVICH NUSUPOV ◽  
ADILKHAN ABUOVICH SAMBETBAEV ◽  
BOLATBEK ZHANAHMETOVICH KOZHEBAEV ◽  
KULSARA HALIMARDENOVNA NURZHANOVA ◽  
OLGA VASILIEVNA GORELIK

Abstract. Nusupov AM, Sambetbaev AA, Kozhebaev BZ, Nurzhanova KH, Gorelik OV. 2021. A comparison of the milk yield and morphometrics of Irtysh type Simmental cows and their Holstein and Simmental crosses in East Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 22: 3663-3670. Cattle breeding is still a significant part of agriculture manufacture both in milk and beef production. Dairy manufacture needs more and more modifications to increase milk productivity and produce milk with better nutrition properties. The authors present a comparison of the dairy cattle of the Simmental breed (Kazakhstan Irtysh type) and its cross-breeds with red-piebald Holstein and Simmental breeds. All the animals' breeds were studied at the time of the first lactation period in cows at the “Kamyshinskoye” farm, Shemonaikha District, East Kazakhstan region. We studied the milk productivity, exterior parameters, and reproductive indicators for the control animal group (Simmental breed Irtysh type) and the crosses (cross-breeds) of the red-piebald Holstein when collecting the research results and Irtysh type and Simmental and Irtysh type. All data obtained in this study have been fully compared with the indicators of the first lactation period of Simmental cows of the Irtysh type. As a result of the study, authors have created the curve of the 305-day lactation period, studied the exterior of the animals, the morphological structures of the udder, and the annual capacity cycles of the tested cows' group. The milk yield obtained in the first complete lactation period from the red-piebald Holstein cross-animals was 240 kg or 4.2% more than the control mother group, but the average milk fat percentage has been 0.09% less. On the contrary, the cross of the Irtysh and Simmental breed has a yield less by 258 kg or 4.7% (5277 kg), but a fat milk percentage has been 0.1% more.


2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-460
Author(s):  
Hatice Şeyma AKÇA ◽  
Mehmet Muzaffer İSLAM ◽  
Uğur Yasin AKGÜN ◽  
Serdar ÖZDEMİR ◽  
Abdullah ALGIN ◽  
...  

This prospective randomized study aimed to compare the effects of nebulizer drugs on unilateral or bilateral dilation of the pupil that may develop due to mask incompatibility or patient incompatibility in patients receiving inhaled therapy. Following the approval of the local ethics committee, this study was carried out prospectively and observationally in the period from October 1, 2018 to April 1, 2019 in an emergency clinic with an annual capacity of 600,000 patients in a tertiary education and research hospital. The patients were divided into three groups: those given salbutamol alone (200 mcg), those given ipratropium alone (250 mcg/2ml), and those receiving both salbutamol and ipratropium. The pupil diameters of the patients included in the study were measured twice using a pupilometer device at hours 0 and 2 of treatment. Ninety- one patients that received inhaler treatment in the emergency department were included in the study. The process of treatments given to patients with indications was not interrupted. Ipratropium and salbutamol (49.5%) were used together in 45 patients, ipratropium alone in 38 (41.7%), and salbutamol alone in eight (8.8%). When the absolute delta ratios were compared, a statistically significant difference was observed between the patients given salbutamol and those given ipratropium, and between the patients that received salbutamol and those given salbutamol and ipratropium (p=0.001, 95% CI: 1.36-6.11 and p<0.001, 95% CI: 1.51- 6.19, respectively). Salbutamol caused statistically significantly greater pupil diameter changes than the other drugs. Although neurological diagnoses are considered in patients with anisocoria, it should be kept in mind that anisocoria may also be due to the current or the treatment being given.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3422
Author(s):  
Chang Ki Kim ◽  
Hyun-Goo Kim ◽  
Yong-Heack Kang ◽  
Chang-Yeol Yun ◽  
Boyoung Kim ◽  
...  

The Korea Institute of Energy Research builds Korean solar irradiance datasets, using gridded solar insolation estimates derived using the University of Arizona solar irradiance based on Satellite–Korea Institute of Energy Research (UASIBS–KIER) model, with the incorporation of geostationary satellites over the Korean Peninsula, from 1996 to 2019. During the investigation period, the monthly mean of daily total irradiance was in a good agreement with the in situ measurements at 18 ground stations; the mean absolute error is also normalized to 9.4%. It is observed that the irradiance estimates in the datasets have been gradually increasing at a rate of 0.019 kWh m−2 d−1 per year. The monthly variation in solar irradiance indicates that the meteorological conditions in the spring season dominate the annual solar insolation. In addition, the local distribution of solar irradiance is primarily affected by the geographical environment; higher solar insolation is observed in the southern part of Korea, but lower solar insolation is observed in the mountainous range in Korea. The annual capacity factor is the secondary output from the Korean solar irradiance datasets. The reliability of the estimate of this factor is proven by the high correlation coefficient of 0.912. Thus, in accordance with the results from the spatial distribution of solar irradiance, the southern part of Korea is an appropriate region for establishing solar power plants exhibiting a higher annual capacity factor than the other regions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Amevi Acakpovi ◽  
Patrick Adjei ◽  
Nana Yaw Asabere ◽  
Robert Adjetey Sowah ◽  
David Mensah Sackey

This paper assesses the performance of electricity generation using wind/hydrogen/fuel-cell technology. The intermittency of renewables, especially wind, and the need for storage of excess energy make them unattractive for continuous generation of electricity. This paper focuses on the wind resource of Anloga (Ghana) and the potential of hydrogen production from water electrolysis. The assessment of this system covers three main areas including the potential energy generation, environmental impacts, and economic impacts. The paper adopted analytical models of energy generation of fuel cell and hydrogen technologies and further performs their assessment using HOMER software. It was revealed that the annual electricity production from the hydrogen fuel cell is 25,999kW/yr, with an annual capacity shortage of 392kW/yr representing a 10% capacity shortage. The levelized cost of electricity was 0.602$/kWh and the emissions have been completely minimized as compared to diesel generation plants.


Author(s):  
Ahmed Med YAHYA ◽  
Abdel Kader Mahmoud ◽  
Daha Hassan DAHER ◽  
Léon GAILLARD ◽  
Christophe MENEZO ◽  
...  

This paper presents preliminary operational performance results of a pilot grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system designed and installed on the rooftop of the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy and Mining headquarter in Nouakchott (latitude of 18.1°N and the longitude of 16.0°W), Mauritania. The aim is for the government to demonstrate the relevance of using solar energy and to encourage the uptake of solar PV technology for commercial and residential building applications in Mauritania.. In this study, the grid-connected PV system has a peak power of 48 kW and the performance monitoring was carried out during one year, with a system that allow to measure DC power, inverter and system conversion efficiency, energy generated by the PV arrays, solar radiation in the inclination plane of panels, ambient temperature and module temperature. During this period, the PV plant was found to supply 65,668 kWh to the grid. The final yield ranged from 3.91 to 5.09 kWh/kWp/day. The performance ratio was found to vary from 69.69% to 89.35% and the annual capacity factor was found to be 19%. Finally, performance parameters were compared with other PV plants installed in the same region of Northern Africa. The outcome of this work is deemed important in assisting accurate PV system design and decision-making.


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