Detecting (trans)gene flow to landraces in centers of crop origin: lessons from the case of maize in Mexico

N.I. Vavilov hypothesized that the geographical centres of diversity of crops indicate their geographical centres of origin. Vavilov’s conclusions about the geographical origins of einkorn, durum and common wheat agree well with current population and molecular genetic studies when macro-geography is used but agree poorly when they are examined at higher resolution. We examined the causes of such disagreements for tetraploid emmer wheat and hexaploid common and club wheat. Molecular studies suggest that emmer was domesticated in the Diyarbakir region in south-eastern Turkey. Nucleotide diversity of wild emmer in the Diyarbakir region estimated earlier was compared with nucleotide diversity of wild and domesticated emmer across their distribution estimated here. Although domesticated emmer is only half as diverse as wild emmer, it is more diverse than the ancestral wild emmer population in the Diyarbakir region. Its centre of diversity is in the Mediterranean and does not coincide with the geographical centre of emmer origin. A similar disagreement exists in hexaploid wheat. Its centre of molecular diversity is in Turkey, which is west of the putative site of its origin in Transcaucasia and north-western Iran. It is shown that the primary cause of the disagreements between geographical centres of crop diversity and geographical centres of crop origin is gene flow from an ancestor subsequently to crop origin, which modifies the geographical pattern of crop diversity. When such gene flow takes place and when crop is domesticated in a peripheral population of the ancestor, the centre of crop diversity and the centre of crop origin are unlikely to coincide.

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(Trans)Gene Flow: Mechanisms, Biosafety Concerns and Mitigation for Containment

Reproductive Ecology of Flowering Plants: Patterns and Processes ◽

10.1007/978-981-15-4210-7_15 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 335-394

Author(s):

Mukund Lal ◽

Ekta Bhardwaj ◽

Nishu Chahar ◽

Meenakshi Dangwal ◽

Sandip Das

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Flow Mechanisms ◽

Trans Gene

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Possible effects of (trans)gene flow from crops on the genetic diversity from landraces and wild relatives

Environmental Biosafety Research ◽

10.1051/ebr:2003009 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 89-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Paul Gepts ◽

Roberto Papa

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Gene Flow ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Trans Gene

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Great Wall blocks gene flow

Nature ◽

10.1038/news030414-3 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

HelenR. Pilcher

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Great Wall

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Differentiation and Interrelations of Two Representatives of Laudakia stellio Complex (Reptilia: Agamidae) in Israel

Russian Journal of Herpetology ◽

10.30906/1026-2296-1997-4-2-102-114 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 102-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Evgenyi N. Panov ◽

Larissa Yu. Zykova

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Gene Flow ◽

Habitat Preference ◽

Additional Data ◽

Near East ◽

Field Studies ◽

Subspecies Level ◽

Limited Gene Flow ◽

Study Sites ◽

And Behavior

Field studies were conducted in Central Negev within the breeding range of Laudakia stellio brachydactyla and in NE Israel (Qyriat Shemona) in the range of an unnamed form (tentatively “Near-East Rock Agama”), during March – May 1996. Additional data have been collected in Jerusalem at a distance of ca. 110 km from the first and about 170 km from the second study sites. A total of 63 individuals were caught and examined. The animals were marked and their subsequent movements were followed. Social and signal behavior of both forms were described and compared. Lizards from Negev and Qyriat Shemona differ from each other sharply in external morphology, habitat preference, population structure, and behavior. The differences obviously exceed the subspecies level. At the same time, the lizards from Jerusalem tend to be intermediate morphologically between those from both above-named localities, which permits admitting the existence of a limited gene flow between lizard populations of Negev and northern Israel. The lizards from NE Israel apparently do not belong to the nominate subspecies of L. stellio and should be regarded as one more subspecies within the species.

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