scholarly journals The use of aerosol data in Auger Fluorescence Detector analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties ◽  
Surface Detector ◽  
Shower Maximum ◽  
Fluorescence Light

The Pierre Auger Observatory’s Fluorescence Detector (FD) consists of 27 telescopes arranged in four sites around the perimeter of the 3000 square kilometre Surface Detector (SD). Cosmic ray extensive air showers are viewed via the nitrogen fluorescence light they induce in the atmosphere. Careful treatment of light attenuation processes must be made, especially given that some showers are viewed at distances in excess of 30 km. Of particular importance is the attenuation due to scattering by aerosol particles, a challenging topic given that aerosol concentrations can vary on time-scales of hours. At the Auger Observatory, the vertical distribution of aerosols is measured hourly with a series of bi-static lidar systems (consisting of central laser facilities and each of the FD sites), and three times per night with a Raman lidar system. In this contribution we describe the use of aerosol profiles in the analysis of air shower data, in particular in the estimation of the cosmic ray primary energy, and the depth of shower maximum, Xmax. We also demonstrate how statistical and systematic uncertainties in the aerosol concentrations propagate through to a contribution to energy and Xmax uncertainties.

scholarly journals Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles: testing the compatibility of measurements performed at the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Alexey Yushkov ◽  
Jose Bellido ◽  
John Belz ◽  
Vitor de Souza ◽  
William Hanlon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
Longitudinal Development ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties

At the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array, the measurements of depths of maximum of airshower profiles, Xmax, are performed using direct observations of the longitudinal development of showers with the help of the fluorescence telescopes. Though the same detection technique is used at both installations, the straightforward comparison of the characteristics of the measured Xmax distributions is not possible due to the different approaches to the analysis of the recorded events. In this work, the Auger – Telescope Array composition working group presents a technique to compare the Xmax measurements from the Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array. Applying this technique the compatibility of the first two moments of the measured Xmax distributions is qualitatively tested for energies 1018.2 eV < E < 1019.0 eV using the recently published Telescope Array data from the Black Rock Mesa and Long Ridge fluorescence detector stations. For a quantitative comparison, simulations of air showers with EPOS-LHC, folded with effects of the Telescope Array detector, are required along with the inclusion in the analysis of the systematic uncertainties in the measurements of Xmax and the energies of the events.

scholarly journals Measurements of UHECR Mass Composition by Telescope Array

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
William Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
Second Moments ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties ◽  
Surface Detector

Telescope Array (TA) has recently published results of nearly nine years of Xmax observations providing its highest statistics measurement of ultra high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) mass composition to date for energies exceeding 1018.2 eV. This analysis measured agreement of observed data with results expected for four different single elements. Instead of relying only on the first and second moments of Xmax distributions, we employ a morphological test of agreement between data and Monte Carlo to allow for systematic uncertainties in data and in current UHECR hadronic models. Results of this latest analysis and implications of UHECR composition observed by TA are presented. TA can utilize different analysis methods to understand composition as both a crosscheck on results and as a tool to understand systematics affecting Xmax measurements. The different analysis efforts utilizing fluorescence detector stereo, surface detector and fluorescence detector hybrid, and surface detector-only, currently underway at TA performed to understand composition are also discussed.

Investigating the Characteristics of Longitudinal Profile of Primary Particles in Extensive Air Showers

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 859-864
Author(s):  
A.A. Al-Rubaiee ◽  
Uda Hashim ◽  
Mohd Khairuddin Md Arshad ◽  
A. Rahim Ruslinda ◽  
R.M. Ayub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particles ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Longitudinal Development ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Shower Maximum ◽  
Hadronic Model

One of the characteristics of longitudinal development of extensive air showers is the number of charged particles and depth of shower maximum in extensive air showers as a function of primary energy, which is often used to reconstruct the elemental composition of primary cosmic rays. Studying of extensive air shower characteristics was performed by investigating the longitudinal development parameters depending on Heitler model for different primary particles. The simulation of the number of charged particles and depth of shower maximum (NandXmax) in extensive air showers of particle cascades was performed using AIRES code for SIBYLL hadronic model for different primary particles like electron, positron, gamma quanta and iron nuclei at the energy range 1014-1019eV. The comparison between the simulated longitudinal development ofNandXmaxusing SIBYLL hadronic model with two hadronic models (QGSJET99 ans SIBYLL16) has shown an opportunity for determination of cosmic ray cascade interactions in extensive air showers.

scholarly journals Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum with the Pierre Auger Observatory

2019 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 01029
Author(s):  
Daniela Mockler
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Detector Array ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties ◽  
Surface Detector

The flux of ultra-high energy cosmic rays above 3×1017 eV has been measured with unprecedented precision at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The flux of the cosmic rays is determined by four different measurements. The surface detector array provides three data sets, two formed by dividing the data into two zenith angle ranges, and one obtained from a nested, denser detector array. The fourth measurement is obtained with the fluorescence detector. By combing all four data sets, the all-sky flux of cosmic rays is determined. The spectral features are discussed in detail and systematic uncertainties are addressed.

scholarly journals MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS OF RADIO EMISSION FROM COSMIC RAY AIR SHOWERS

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
T. HUEGE ◽  
H. FALCKE
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Radio Emission ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Primary Particle ◽  
Radio Signal ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Particle Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Shower Maximum

As a basis for the interpretation of data gathered by LOPES and other experiments, we have carried out Monte Carlo simulations of geosynchrotron radio emission from cosmic ray air showers. The simulations, having been verified carefully with analytical calculations, reveal a wealth of information on the characteristics of the radio signal and their dependence on specific air shower parameters. In this article, we review the spatial characteristics of the radio emission, its predicted frequency spectrum and its dependence on important air shower parameters such as the shower zenith angle, the primary particle energy and the depth of the shower maximum, which can in turn be related to the nature of the primary particle.

Search for tachyons preceding cosmic ray extensive air showers of energy

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (14) ◽  
pp. 1280-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Smith ◽  
S. Standil
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Time Spectrum ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Particle Arrival ◽  
Energy Formula ◽  
Shower Array

A search for tachyons preceding extensive air showers has been conducted using an air shower array operated in conjunction with a large aperture, five element cosmic ray telescope. More than 200 000 air showers of primary energy [Formula: see text] were observed over a period of 223 days and a 290 μs period before each of these showers was scanned for a related particle signal from the telescope. In this way a particle arrival time spectrum containing 1519 tachyon candidates was observed. No convincing evidence was found for any subgroup of these events that might be attributable to tachyons.

scholarly journals Investigating the influence of diffractive interactions on ultrahigh-energy extensive air showers

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (26) ◽  
pp. 1850153 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Arbeletche ◽  
V. P. Gonçalves ◽  
M. A. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Models ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Ultrahigh Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Cosmic Ray Interactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Elasticity Number

The understanding of the basic properties of the ultrahigh-energy extensive air showers is dependent on the description of hadronic interactions in an energy range beyond that probed by the LHC. One of the uncertainties present in the modeling of air showers is the treatment of diffractive interactions, which are dominated by nonperturbative physics and usually described by phenomenological models. These interactions are expected to affect the development of the air showers, since they provide a way of transporting substantial amounts of energy deep in the atmosphere, modifying the global characteristics of the shower profile. In this paper, we investigate the impact of diffractive interactions in the observables that can be measured in hadronic collisions at high energies and ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray interactions. We consider three distinct phenomenological models for the treatment of diffractive physics and estimate the influence of these interactions on the elasticity, number of secondaries, longitudinal air shower profiles and muon densities for proton-air and iron-air collisions at different primary energies. Our results demonstrate that even for the most recent models, diffractive events have a non-negligible effect on the observables and that the distinct approaches for these interactions, present in the phenomenological models, still are an important source of theoretical uncertainty for the description of the extensive air showers.

scholarly journals Search for point sources of ultra-high-energy photons with the Telescope Array surface detector

2020 ◽  
Vol 492 (3) ◽  
pp. 3984-3993 ◽  
Author(s):  
R U Abbasi ◽  
M Abe ◽  
T Abu-Zayyad ◽  
M Allen ◽  
R Azuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Surface Detector ◽  
Blind Search

ABSTRACT The surface detector (SD) of the Telescope Array (TA) experiment allows us to detect indirectly photons with energies of the order of 1018 eV and higher, and to separate photons from the cosmic ray background. In this paper, we present the results of a blind search for point sources of ultra-high-energy (UHE) photons in the Northern sky using the TA SD data. The photon-induced extensive air showers are separated from the hadron-induced extensive air shower background by means of a multivariate classifier based upon 16 parameters that characterize the air shower events. No significant evidence for the photon point sources is found. The upper limits are set on the flux of photons from each particular direction in the sky within the TA field of view, according to the experiment’s angular resolution for photons. The average 95 per cent confidence level upper-limits for the point-source flux of photons with energies greater than 1018, 1018.5, 1019, 1019.5 and 1020 eV are 0.094, 0.029, 0.010, 0.0073 and 0.0058 km−2yr−1, respectively. For energies higher than 1018.5 eV, the photon point-source limits are set for the first time. Numerical results for each given direction in each energy range are provided as a supplement to this paper.

scholarly journals Determination of the invisible energy of extensive air showers from the data collected at Pierre Auger Observatory

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Analisa G. Mariazzi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties ◽  
Muon Production ◽  
The Invisible

In order to get the primary energy of cosmic rays from their extensive air showers using the fluorescence detection technique, the invisible energy should be added to the measured calorimetric energy. The invisible energy is the energy carried away by particles that do not deposit all their energy in the atmosphere. It has traditionally been calculated using Monte Carlo simulations that are dependent on the assumed primary particle mass and on model predictions for neutrino and muon production. In this work the invisible energy is obtained directly from events detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The method applied is based on the correlation of the measurements of the muon number at the ground with the invisible energy of the showers. By using it, the systematic uncertainties related to the unknown mass composition and to the high energy hadronic interaction models are significantly reduced, improving in this way the estimation of the energy scale of the Observatory.

scholarly journals Telescope Array Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 08002
Author(s):  
Shoichi Ogio
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Shower Array ◽  
Air Shower Array

The Telescope Array is the largest hybrid cosmic ray detector in the Northern hemisphere designed to measure primary particles in 4 PeV to 100 EeV range. The main TA detector consists of an air shower array of 507 plastic scintillation counters on a 1.2 km square grid and fluorescence detectors at three stations overlooking the sky above the air shower array. The experiment and its recent measurements - spectrum, composition, and anisotropy - is reviewed. Recently the construction of the TA Low energy Extension (TALE) detector, which consists of an additional fluorescence detector and an infill array, was finished. TALE lowers the energy threshold of TA down to 4 PeV. We are also constructing the TAx4 detector to increase statistics in particular at the highest energies. The current status and the future prospects of these new TAx4 experiments is reported.

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