scholarly journals Gross calorific value estimation for milled maize cob biomass using near infrared spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jetsada Posom ◽  
Natrapee Nakawajana
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Cob Biomass

The maize cob biomass is one of important biomass crops in Thailand. Nowadays, the use of the biomass as renewable resource is increasing, especially residue agriculture waste. As we know that the biomass properties impact combustion, in order to achieve boiler efficiency, its energy characteristics of biomass was required immediately before burning. This work uses the FT-near infrared spectroscopy to estimate gross calorific value (GCV) of maize cob as the rapid method. Each sample was scanned using diffuse reflectance mode at a wavenumber range between 12500-3600 cm-1. The scanning was done with a resolution of 8 cm-1 and completed 32 scans per sample, then averaged to be one spectrum. The results showed that this technique could decrease a processing time to 1-2 minutes per sample to determine GCV whereas alternatively the current method used a processing time of 25-30 minutes per sample. The capacity of the model gave root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) of 91.1 Jg-1, which was low. Hence, the model was acceptable and cloud be used for screening.

Analysis of Energy Traits of Populus spp. Clones by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melchor C. Maranan ◽  
Marie-Pierre G. Laborie
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Hybrid Poplars ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Calibration Models

The application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and multivariate analysis for determining the calorific value and specific gravity of Populus spp. clones was assessed. Projection to latent structure (PLS) models of calorific value and specific gravity were developed from NIR original spectra and also from the first and second spectral derivatives. The best calibration models were built from the NIR second spectral derivative with good calibration statistics for both calorific value (r = 0 97, RMSEC = 0 05 kJ/g) and specific gravity (r = 0 98; RMSEC = 0 005). The calibration models from the NIR first spectral derivative were also good for specific gravity (r = 0 92, RMSEC = 0 010) and moderate for calorific value (r = 0 82; RMSEC = 0 11 kJ/g). When evaluated on a validation dataset, the models from the NIR first spectral derivative performed best for both specific gravity (r = 0 84; RMSEP = 0 021) and calorific value (r = 0 81; RMSEP = 0 13 kJ/g). In both cases, the standard errors of prediction (SEP) obtained from the NIRS calibration models were less than twice those of the corresponding laboratory measurement. The NIRS models were therefore useful for quickly determining calorific value and specific gravity of hybrid poplars but with a lower accuracy than the corresponding laboratory measurements. The study also helped delineate parentage as a factor of choice for manipulating wood specific gravity and thus biomass yield in hybrid poplars. On the other hand, calorific value was uniform within the population evaluated, indicating that little improvement in calorific value can be expected from selecting for it in hybrid poplar programs.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of 6-Ischemic Cuff Near Infrared Spectroscopy Mitochondrial Capactity Test

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Sumner ◽  
Indrajit Das ◽  
Elizabeth K. Pryor ◽  
Kevin McCully
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Capacity ◽  
Analysis Protocol

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to measure muscle mitochondrial capacity. The current method requires as many as 22 short ischemic occlusions to generate a recovery curve for mitochondrial capacity.  PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of using a 6-occlusion analysis protocol to study muscle mitochondrial capacity.  METHOD: Two independent, unidentified data sets were analyzed (bicep n=48, forearm n=41) from previous studies using a NIRS device (Artinis, Ltd.). Both data sets had two recovery tests that included 22 ischemic occlusions.  A recovery rate used to indicate mitochondrial capacity was calculated two different ways (simultaneously).  Each sample was analyzed with a MATLAB program; with a curve-fit for the 22 ischemic occlusions and curve matching for the first six ischemic cuffs and an end resting value. The two resulting rate constants were compared using correlations, both for the two data sets, good and bad fitting data, using the best 5 of 6 points for the 6 cuff approach.  RESULTS: The rate constants were not significantly different between the 22 cmuff and 6 cuff for the total data sets:  bicep (1.43+0.32min-1, 1.44+0.35min-1, p=0.56), forearm (1.94+0.42min-1, 1.95+0.44min-1, p=0.76). The average bicep rate constants, when compared to each other, had an equation of y=1.07x-0.09, R2=0.90. The average forearm rate constants, when compared to each other, had an equation of 0.98x+0.02, R2=0.93. CONCLUSIONS: The 6-Cuff analysis provided the same results as the longer 22-cuff. The 6-cuff approach is both shorter in time and uses less ischemic occlusion periods, increasing the practicality of the NIRS mitochondrial capacity test.

Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow in Dogs with Near Infrared Spectroscopy in the Reflectance Mode Is Invalid

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. J. C. Newton ◽  
D. A. Wilson ◽  
E. Gunnoe ◽  
B. Wagner ◽  
M. Cope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Cortical Gray Matter ◽  
Induced Changes

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used to measure CBF (CBFNIRS) in humans, based on Fick's principle, using oxygen as an intravascular tracer. We compared CBFNIRS with CBF measured by microspheres (CBFμ) and the venous outflow technique (CBFv) in 15 dogs, altering CBF with ventilation-induced changes in PaCO2. Five hundred forty-nine CBFNIRS measurements were attempted using an integration time of 2.5 s on the saturation signal from the tongue. One hundred ninety-eight (36.1%) of the measurements fulfilled predefined criteria. The coefficient of variation (CV) for six measurements under stable conditions was 29.1%. The CBFNIRS measurements correlated best with microsphere-measured blood flows in the cortical gray matter (median 0.43, range 0.16–0.93); the contributions of the skull and dura were variable. The CBFv varied by a median of 12% (range 0–67%) during the CBFNIRS measurements. The percentage of acceptable CBFNIRS measurements, the CV, and the correlation coefficients of the CBFNIRS were improved by using saturation signal directly from the artery and varying the integration time with an estimate of the minimum transit time. The current method of measuring CBFNIRS in the reflectance mode is inaccurate when compared with other accepted techniques.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document