scholarly journals Low-temperature ground freezing methods for underground construction in urban areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 04020
Author(s):  
Petr Nikolaev ◽  
Mikhail Shuplik
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Solid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ground Freezing ◽  
Artificial Ground Freezing ◽  
Freezing Liquid

Artificial ground freezing (AGF) is a commonly used ground improvement technique. It can be applied in diverse construction projects in dense populated urban areas where other methods are inapplicable. In this article are discussed several methods of ground freezing, such as: “brine” freezing, liquid nitrogen freezing, solid carbon dioxide freezing. Their advantages and disadvantages are indicated. For solid carbon dioxide freezing, several approaches are presented. One of them is a brine “aftercooling” freezing method. They can significantly increase efficiency of ground freezing and reduce its cost.

scholarly journals Advanced ground freezing method and its applications in underground construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 04021
Author(s):  
Mikhail Shuplik ◽  
Petr Nikolaev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Underground Construction ◽  
Solid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Freezing Method ◽  
Ground Freezing ◽  
Improvement Method ◽  
Artificial Ground Freezing ◽  
Construction Works

During underground construction works in complex geological environment, special ground improvement techniques have to be used. One of them is artificial ground freezing (AGF). It can be applied in diverse projects in dense populated urban areas that place constraints on an application of other ground improvement methods. In Russia in the late 1980th was developed one new method of ground freezing. It uses solid carbon dioxide (SCD) that is loaded directly into freeze pipes, where it sublimates. As the result, the quite low temperature of freezing can be achieved easily. In this article are discussed several first application cases of this method. The results of these projects allow SCD freezing became widely used ground improvement method in Russia.

Improving the Efficiency of Artificial Ground Freezing in Urban Underground Construction by Using Solid Carbon Dioxide

2016 ◽  
Vol 843 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Mikhail Shuplik ◽  
Petr Nikolaev
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Solid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Freezing Method ◽  
Ground Freezing

At the present time there are several basic methods of soils characteristics increase during the underground structures construction. Though, frequently the ground freezing method is the most efficient way. Modern Russian investigations show, that in case of small values of frozen grounds (less than 1000 m3) the cost of construction works significantly increase. In such conditions the relevant construction technology is a ground freezing method with the use of solid carbon dioxide, which nowadays is under development in the Mining College in National University of Science and Technology MIS&S.The present article shows the brief review of the main manufacturing schemes of the ground freezing, results of the new theories and experimental investigations, also the analysis of a commercial introduction experience of the ground freezing technology with the using of carbon dioxide.So far, the main difficulties during freezing process design were with the determination of a heat flow to the freezing pipe`s direction. It was not possible to predict the dynamic of ice wall formation and the discharge of carbon dioxide. According to the last investigations, we were succeed in determinating the change dependence of the heat dissipation, depending on the rock massive characteristics, granulometric composition of solid carbon dioxide and also its changing along the freezing pipe. That is why, now we may say that, the developing technology became not just a laboratory workout, but can already has a widespread adoption in praxis

scholarly journals The Hardness of Ice and Aerial Erosion

1947 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Solid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Rock Dust

Many authorities have demonstrated that the hardness of ice varies inversely as the temperature, which is, of course, to be expected by analogy with metals. Recently Dr. E. Blackwelder1 caused some experiments to he made at a temperature of −78.5° C., the temperature of solid carbon dioxide. At this temperature the hardness of ice was found to be approximately 6, or that of orthoclase felspar. Hitherto it had been assumed that aerial corrosion of rocks close to glaciers and snow-fields was in the main due to rock dust. It now seems likely that when air temperatures fall very low, as for instance during blizzards, ice fragments or snow could abrade certain limestones and shales and even some igneous rocks. Ice and snow may therefore play a more important part in aerial erosion than had been suspected.

The Raman spectrum of solid carbon dioxide at high pressure

1980 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 4848-4854 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Schmidt ◽  
William B. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Raman Spectrum ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Solid Carbon Dioxide
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