Diversity of trypanorhynch metacestodes in teleost fishes from coral reefs off eastern Australia and New Caledonia

The 19 Indo-Pacific species of the snake-eel genus Ophichthus (family Ophichthidae, subfamily Ophichthinae) that live at or below 200 m are reviewed. Included are: Ophichthus aphotistos, O. brachynotopterus, O. echeloides, O. exourus, O. genie, O. kunaloa, O. megalops, O. mystacinus, O. serpentinus, O. urolophus, and nine new species which are described: O. alleni from 115–200 m off eastern Australia; O. aniptocheilos from 391–421 m off Tonga; O. congroides from 300 m off the Tuamotu Islands; O. hirritus from 600 m off the Seychelle Islands; O. humanni from 254–300 m off Vanuatu; O. ishiyamorum from 258–400 m off the Gulf of Aden, Somalia; O. lentiginosus from 400 m off Vanuatu and New Caledonia; O. microstictus from 362–450 m off Tonga, Fiji, and possibly New Caledonia; and O. tomioi from 300– 423 m off the Philippines, Marquesas, Fiji, and the Seychelle Islands. The range and depth distributions of the following are expanded to include: O. brachynotopterus to New Caledonia and Vanuatu between 541–580 m; O. mystacinus to Tonga, Fiji, and the Philippines between 371–824 m; and O. urolophus to Western Australia and Indonesia between 40– 420 m. An identification key is provided. Characteristics and the behavior of species of the subgenus Coecilophis, to which all treated species except O. aphotistos belong, is discussed. Ophichthys madagascariensis Fourmanoir (1961) is proposed to be a junior synonym of Pisodonophis cancrivorus (Richardson 1848).

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Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, including four new species and a re-description of Grania trichaeta Jamieson, 1977

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2165.1.2 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2165 (1) ◽

pp. 16-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

PIERRE DE WIT ◽

EMILIA ROTA ◽

CHRISTER ERSÉUS

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Great Barrier Reef ◽

New Caledonia ◽

Barrier Reef ◽

Interspecific Divergence ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

New Material ◽

Voucher Specimens ◽

The Mean ◽

Phylogenetic Affinities

This study describes the fauna of the marine enchytraeid genus Grania at two locations on the Australian Great Barrier Reef: Lizard and Heron Islands. Collections were made from 1979 to 2006, yielding four new species: Grania breviductus sp. n., Grania regina sp. n., Grania homochaeta sp. n. and Grania colorata sp. n.. A re-description of Grania trichaeta Jamieson, 1977 based on new material is also included, along with notes and amendments on G. hyperoadenia Coates, 1990 and G. integra Coates & Stacey, 1997, the two latter being recorded for the first time from eastern Australia. COI barcode sequences were obtained from G. trichaeta and G. colorata and deposited with information on voucher specimens in the Barcode of Life database and GenBank; the mean intraspecific variation is 1.66 % in both species, while the mean interspecific divergence is 25.54 %. There seem to be two phylogeographic elements represented in the Great Barrier Grania fauna; one tropical with phylogenetic affinities to species found in New Caledonia and Hong Kong, and one southern (manifested at the more southerly located Heron Island) with affinities to species found in Southern Australia, Tasmania and Antarctica.

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Does foliage metal accumulation influence plant–insect interactions? A field study of two sympatric tree metallophytes

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp17366 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (9) ◽

pp. 945 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Denise R. Fernando ◽

Chaya S. Smith ◽

Martin J. Steinbauer ◽

Kevin Farnier ◽

Simon J. Watson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indirect Effects ◽

New Caledonia ◽

Leaf Age ◽

Chemical Defence ◽

Surface Damage ◽

Specific Weight ◽

Plant Insect Interactions ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Insect Interactions ◽

Mn Concentrations

Gossia (Myrtaceae) is a highly restricted tree genus most speciose in New Caledonia and eastern Australia. The latter group accumulates above-normal foliar manganese (Mn) concentrations, with some individuals exhibiting the rare Mn-hyperaccumulative trait. Whether foliar metals contribute to chemical defence has been addressed via numerous feeding experiments and very few field studies. This investigation exploited specifically different insect activities on the foliage of sympatric Gossia grayi (N.Snow & Guymer) and Gossia shepherdii (F.Muell.) N.Snow & Guymer, endemic to north-eastern Australia, to test for direct and indirect effects of foliar Mn enrichment on plant–insect interactions. Leaf organic and inorganic chemistries, specific weight, surface damage, gall infestation and occupancy were quantified. Discovery that both species are Mn hyperaccumulators augments the world listing by 5–7%. Highly elevated gall-Mn concentrations coupled with negligible gall parasitisation suggested chemical fortification and adaptation by the host insect – a Cecidomyiidae fly. Linear mixed modelling (LMM) showed differences in leaf Mn, phenolics, toughness and surface damage across tree species and leaf age. There was no direct relationship between leaf Mn and insect impact. However, LMM did resolve indirect effects, i.e. between insect impact and certain foliar elements, consistent with nutritional dynamics in a physiologically novel plant system where Mn is vastly overaccumulated.

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A new species of long-eared bat (Nyctophilus: Vespertilionidae) from New Caledonia.

Australian Mammalogy ◽

10.1071/am01115 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 115 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

HE Parnaby

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

New Caledonia ◽

High Elevation ◽

Large Series ◽

Similar Species ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

A New Species

A new species of Nyctophilus is described on the basis of three specimens from the hinterland of Noum�a, New Caledonia. Comparisons are made with a large series of the most similar species, N. gouldi and N. bifax from eastern Australia, from which it differs on external, cranial, dental and penile morphology. The new species most resembles N. gouldi and its affinities appear to lie within the Australian fauna. An IUCN threat category of ?Vulnerable? is suggested due to a localised distribution in threatened high elevation rainforest.

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A revision of Vittadinia A.Rich. (Compositae) together with reinstatement of Eurybiopsis DC. and description of a new geunus, Camptacra.

Brunonia ◽

10.1071/bru9820001 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

NT Burbidge

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

New Genus ◽

New Caledonia ◽

Single Species ◽

New Combinations ◽

Northern Australia ◽

New Subgenus ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

North Eastern ◽

Specific Rank

It is reported that Gaudichaud was correct in describing, under Brachycome Cass., three species, B. triloba, B. dentata and B. spathulata. Reference is made to the nomenclatural status of these species in accordance with the results of a revision of Brachycome by Davis (1948). De Candolle erred in transferring the species to Vittadinia A. Rich, for which the New Zealand V. australis is the type. Reasons are given for regarding V. triloba (Gaudich.) DC. as synonymous with V. australis var. dissecta Benth., and the variety is raised to specific rank. Included with V. australis and V. dissecta in Vittadinia s. str. (i.e. in Vittadinia subgenus Vittadinia) are V. cuneata DC. (a name which can be applied to a complex group of taxa widespread in southern and eastern Australia) and a further 17 species of which the following are new: V. cervicularis (with four varieties), V. constricta, V. condyloides, V. decora, V. eremaea, V. humerata, V. nullarborensis, V. pustulata, V. simulans and V. sulcata, while V. gracilis (J. D. Hook.) N. Burbidge and V. australasica (Turcz.) N. Burbidge are new combinations. V. scabra DC. and a group of taxa which have been referred to it or, incorrectly, to V. macrorhiza (DC.) A. Gray have been placed in a new subgenus of Vittadinia under the name Peripleura. Within this subgenus nine species are recognized: V. scabra DC., V, hispidula F. Muell. ex A. Gray (with two varieties), and the new species V. arida, V. bicolor, V. diffusa, V. obovata, V. sericea, V. spechtii (with two varieties) and V. virgata. With the exception of V. australis which is endemic to New Zealand and V. simulans, a New Caledonian species, all are endemic to Australia; however, V. hispidula has been reported for New Caledonia where it is deemed to be an alien and V. gracilis and possibly V. muelleri appear to have become naturalized in New Zealand. V. brachycomoides (F. Muell.) Benth. becomes the type of a new genus, Camptacra, with two species, both distributed in northern and north-eastern Australia. Eurybiopsis DC. is reinstated, with its single species, E. macrorhiza DC., found only in northern Australia.

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When forms meet genes: revision of the scleractinian genera Micromussa and Homophyllia (Lobophylliidae) with a description of two new species and one new genus

Contributions to Zoology ◽

10.1163/18759866-08504002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 387-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Roberto Arrigoni ◽

Francesca Benzoni ◽

Danwei Huang ◽

Hironobu Fukami ◽

Chaolun Allen Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Genus ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

New Caledonia ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Intergenic Spacer ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Its Region ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Eastern Australia

The scleractinian family Lobophylliidae is undergoing a major taxonomic revision thanks to the combination of molecular and morphological data. In this study, we investigate the evolutionary relationships and the macro- and micromorphology of six nominal coral species belonging to two of the nine molecular clades of the Lobophylliidae, clades A and B, and of Symphyllia wilsoni, a lobophylliid species analyzed from a molecular point of view for the first time. Sequence data from mitochondrial DNA (COI and the intergenic spacer between COI and l-rRNA), and nuclear DNA (histone H3 and ITS region) are used to generate robust molecular phylogenies and a median-joining haplotype network. Molecular results are strongly in agreement with detailed observations of gross- and fine-scale morphology of skeletons, leading to the formal revision of the genera Micromussa and Homophyllia and the description of two newly discovered zooxanthellate shallow-water species, Micromussa pacifica sp. nov. Benzoni & Arrigoni and Micromussa indiana sp. nov. Benzoni & Arrigoni, and a new genus, Australophyllia gen. nov. Benzoni & Arrigoni. In particular, Acanthastrea lordhowensis and Montastraea multipunctata are moved into Micromussa, A. hillae is synonymized with A. bowerbanki and is transferred to Homophyllia, and a revised diagnosis for both genera is provided. Micromussa pacifica sp. nov. is described from the Gambier Islands with its distribution spanning New Caledonia and eastern Australia. Despite a superficial resemblance with Homophyllia australis, it has distinctive macroand micromorphological septal features. Micromussa indiana sp. nov., previously identified as M. amakusensis, is here described from the Gulf of Aden and the southern Red Sea as a distinct species that is genetically separated from M. amakusensis and is morphologically distinct from the latter due to its smaller corallite size and lower number of septa. Finally, molecular trees show that S. wilsoni is closely related, but molecularly separated from clades A and B, and, also based on a unique combination of corallite and sub-corallite characters, the species is moved into Australophyllia gen. nov. These findings confirm the need for using both genetic and morphological datasets for the ongoing taxonomic revision of scleractinian corals.

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Phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian centipede Henicops (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha): A combined morphological and molecular approach

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/187631206788838590 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 241-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Donald Colgan ◽

Gregory Edgecombe ◽

Deirdre Sharkey

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Western Australia ◽

New Caledonia ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

28S Rrna ◽

Southeastern Australia ◽

Lord Howe Island ◽

Eastern Australia

AbstractThe lithobiomorph centipede Henicops is widely distributed in Australia and New Zealand, with five described species, as well as two species in New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island. Parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of ca. 800 aligned bases of sequence data from 16S rRNA and 28S rRNA were conducted on a dataset including multiple individuals of Henicops species from populations sampled from different parts of species' geographic ranges, together with the allied henicopines Lamyctes and Easonobius. Morphological characters are included in parsimony analyses. Molecular and combined datasets unite species from eastern Australia and New Zealand to the exclusion of species from Western Australia, New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island. The molecular data favour these two geographic groupings as clades, whereas inclusion of morphology resolves New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island, southwest Western Australia and Queensland as successive sisters to southeastern Australia and New Zealand. The basal position of the Lord Howe Island species in the phylogeny favours a diversification of Australasian Henicops since the late Miocene unless the Lord Howe species originated in a biota that pre-dates the island. The molecular and combined data resolve the widespread morphospecies H. maculatus as paraphyletic, with its populations contributing to the geographic groupings New South Wales + New Zealand and Tasmania + Victoria.

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Latitudinal variation in coral communities in eastern Australia: a qualitative biophysical model of factors regulating coral reefs

Coral Reefs ◽

10.1007/s00338-001-0201-x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 83-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

V. Harriott ◽

S. Banks

Keyword(s):

Coral Reefs ◽

Latitudinal Variation ◽

Biophysical Model ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Coral Communities

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Oceanic δ13C, environmental changes and Carboniferous coral reef development: Records from Tianlin and Ziyun (southern China)

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5054 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marine Maillet ◽

Elias Samankassou

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Southern China ◽

Ocean Current ◽

Late Devonian ◽

Equatorial Position ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Devonian Extinction

Metazoan reef builders receded globally during the Carboniferous, after the Late Devonian extinction event, with only few exceptions of coral-bearing bioconstructions reported worldwide. Among the latter, two exceptional extended coral reefs, dated as Late Vis&#233;an&#8211;Serpukhovian and Kasimovian-Gzhelian in age, respectively, were recently reported from southern China. The scarcity of coral buildups worldwide suggests global unfavorable conditions, with specific settings considered to represent refugia. To constrain these environmental conditions, seawater composition is reconstructed using carbon and oxygen isotopes originating from five measured sections located in southern China.The resulting &#948;13C data reveals several environmental changes throughout the Carboniferous attributed to climate changes, ocean current variations, and proliferation of terrestrial plants. During the Late Vis&#233;an-earliest Serpukhovian, the high &#948;13C values (&#732;3&#8240;) are interpreted as recording short-lived glacial events, with the expansion of ice-sheets in South America and eastern Australia. The scarcity of coral reef growth suggests that the cooling acted as an inhibiting factor during this period. Conversely, the development of the exceptional coral reefs in southern China could be explained by the persistence of warm oceanic currents in the epicontinental sea, located in equatorial position. During the Kasimovian-Gzhelian, the gradual &#948;13C positive shift from -0.7 to +4.7&#8240; coincides with a short-lived warming, which should be suitable for the recovery of coral communities. However, in spite of the mild climate, the scarcity of Pennsylvanian coral reef leads to consider other inhibiting factors (e.g. biological competition and aragonite seas). Interestingly, the disappearance of coral reefs in southern China correlates with negative &#948;13C shifts (e.g. Mid-Vis&#233;an, Late Gzhelian), interpreted as related to intensified upwellings.The reconstitution of the Carboniferous environmental conditions documents several factors contributing to the metazoan reef demise and recovery subsequent to the Late Devonian extinction events, and adds to our current knowledge of the longest reef recovery in the Phanerozoic.&#160;&#160;

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Fire and Late Oligocene to Mid-Miocene peat mega-swamps of south-eastern Australia: a floristic and palaeoclimatic interpretation

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt16165 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (8) ◽

pp. 609 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ian R. K. Sluiter ◽

David T. Blackburn ◽

Guy R. Holdgate

Keyword(s):

New Caledonia ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Mean Annual Precipitation ◽

Late Oligocene ◽

Structural Context ◽

Open Canopy ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Brown Coals ◽

Gippsland Basin

The Late Oligocene to Mid-Miocene (25–13 million years ago) brown coals of the Gippsland Basin in southern Victoria, Australia, were deposited in peat mega-swamps, unlike any in the world at the present day. The swamps preserve a rich botanical suite of macro- and microfossils, many of which can be identified with plant genera and families present today in Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand and New Guinea. The peat-forming environments also preserve evidence of past burning in the form of micro-charcoal as well as macro-charcoal, the latter being evident as regional lenses or layers of fusinite, generally in coals of the darkest colour termed dark lithotypes. The presence of micro-charcoal in dark and some other lighter lithotypes indicated that fires also burnt locally, although they may have been extinguished before regional-scale burning occurred. It is also feasible that some peat mega-swamp plant communities dominated by rainforest angiosperm plants may have been fire excluders and prevented widespread fires from developing. Pollen and macrofossil evidence is presented of a distinctive southern conifer and angiosperm flora with an open canopy, primarily associated with the darkest coals that formed in the wettest parts of the peat-forming environment. Elsewhere, swamp forests with a large rainforest component grew on swamps raised appreciably above the regional groundwater table in a structural context akin to the ombrogenous peats of tropical coastal Sumatra and Sarawak. These vegetation types were not fire prone, but may have occasionally burnt at a local scale or at forest margins. Evidence is presented for the existence of seasonal climatic conditions that would appear to have facilitated a drying-out of the peat swamps in the warmest months of the year. A mesothermal climate was invoked where mean annual precipitation was at least 1500 mm, and possibly as much as 2000 mm, and mean annual temperatures were ~19°C.

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