TGF-β1 as a Genetic Susceptibility Locus for Advanced Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Investigation of Multiple Known DNA Sequence Variants

All over the world, an increase in type 1 diabetes mellitus is noted annually, along with its late complications. In recent years, more and more information has appeared aimed at the prevention and rehabilitation of children with diabetes. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a genetically determined disease, in the development of which the main component is an autoimmune process that triggers the destruction of β-cells, which leads to a decrease in insulin production, and subsequently to its absolute insufficiency, the main method of treatment is insulin replacement therapy. To select an adequate dose of insulin, it is necessary to take into account HbA1c, glycemic and glucosuric profiles. Children are advised to use semi-synthetic or genetically engineered insulins. In children, intensified insulin therapy is more often used in the form of a combination of short and medium-acting insulins or ultra-short with prolonged ones. This article presents an analysis of insulin therapy and self-control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. It was found that children with diabetic nephropathy approached their illness less responsibly, did not always count bread units and kept records in self-control diaries. Also, this group of children were more likely to receive human insulin with the use of syringe pens. The nutrition of children with diabetes should not be inferior in calories to that of healthy adolescents, while the energy value of the daily diet should be calculated taking into account age, gender, body weight, and energy expenditures. Taking into account the possibility of regression of the initial diabetic complications when the compensation of carbohydrate metabolism is achieved, therapy for type 1 diabetes is a means of preventing the development of severe diabetic complications.

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Polymorphisms in the Genes Encoding TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-6 Show Association with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the Slovak Population

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis ◽

10.1007/s00005-010-0092-z ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 385-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Juraj Javor ◽

Stanislav Ferencik ◽

Maria Bucova ◽

Martina Stuchlikova ◽

Emil Martinka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Slovak Population ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Tgf Β1

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Early urinary biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus show involvement of kallikrein-kinin system

BMC Nephrology ◽

10.1186/s12882-017-0519-4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lenka Vitova ◽

Zdenek Tuma ◽

Jiri Moravec ◽

Milan Kvapil ◽

Martin Matejovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Urinary Biomarkers ◽

Kinin System ◽

Kallikrein Kinin System

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Early Diabetic Nephropathy and Retinopathy in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Attending Sudan Childhood Diabetes Centre

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2020/7181383 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Hana Ahmed ◽

Tayseer Elshaikh ◽

Mohamed Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Ethnic Group ◽

Childhood Diabetes

Objective. Data on microvascular complications in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Sudan are scarce. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and retinopathy (DR) and their relationship to certain risk factors in children with T1DM attending the Sudan Childhood Diabetes Centre. Design and Methods. A clinic-based cross-sectional study of 100 patients with T1DM aged 10-18 years. Patients with disease duration exceeding 5 years if the onset of diabetes was prepubertal and 2 years if it was postpubertal were included. Relevant sociodemographic, clinical, and biochemical information was obtained. Blood pressure was measured. The patients were screened for DN and DR using urinary microalbumin estimation and fundus photography, respectively. Results. The frequency of microalbuminuria and diabetic retinopathy was 36% and 33%, respectively. Eleven percent had both retinopathy and microalbuminuria. Seven percent of the patients were found to be hypertensive. Patients with diabetic retinopathy had significantly higher HbA1c levels ( p = 0.009 ) and longer diabetes duration ( p = 0.02 ) than patients without retinopathy. Logistic regression showed that high HbA1c (odds ratio (OR) 0.83, confidence interval (CI) 0.68-1.00, p = 0.04 ), but not age, duration, ethnic group, BMI, blood pressure, and presence of nephropathy, was an independent risk factor for retinopathy. Likewise, high blood pressure (OR 6.89, CI 1.17-40.52, p = 0.03 ), but not age, duration, ethnic group, BMI, HbA1c, and presence of retinopathy, was a predictor for nephropathy. Conclusion. High prevalence of incipient DN and early stages of DR were observed in this study. Longer diabetes duration and higher HbA1c were associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy. High blood pressure was a risk factor for DN. So regular screening for these complications and optimization of glycemic control are needed.

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