Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition: Rationale and Mechanisms for Kidney and Cardiovascular Protection in People With and Without Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-308
Author(s):  
Carol Pollock ◽  
Brendon L. Neuen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Protection ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter

Cardiovascular Protection With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Chronic Kidney Disease

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1442-1455
Author(s):  
Pantelis Sarafidis ◽  
Christodoulos E. Papadopoulos ◽  
Vasilios Kamperidis ◽  
George Giannakoulas ◽  
Michael Doumas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Cardiovascular Protection ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease are intimately linked. They share major risk factors, including age, hypertension, and diabetes, and common pathogenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, reduced renal function and kidney injury documented with albuminuria are independent risk factors for cardiovascular events and mortality. In major renal outcome trials and subsequent meta-analyses in patients with CKD, ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors and ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers) were shown to effectively retard CKD progression but not to significantly reduce cardiovascular events or mortality. Thus, a high residual risk for cardiovascular disease progression under standard-of-care treatment is still present for patients with CKD. In contrast to the above, several outcome trials with SGLT-2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2) inhibitors and MRAs (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) clearly suggest that these agents, apart from nephroprotection, offer important cardioprotection in this population. This article discusses existing evidence on the effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors and MRAs on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD that open new roads in cardiovascular protection of this heavily burdened population.

Changes in Blood Glucose Levels and Body Weight in Patients Administered Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1167-P
Author(s):  
HUN-SUNG KIM ◽  
EUN YOUNG LEE ◽  
KUN-HO YOON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter
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