Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Protection: Mechanism Progresses and Challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 106049
Author(s):  
Yebei Li ◽  
Gaosi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Protection ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter

Cardiovascular Protection With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Chronic Kidney Disease

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1442-1455
Author(s):  
Pantelis Sarafidis ◽  
Christodoulos E. Papadopoulos ◽  
Vasilios Kamperidis ◽  
George Giannakoulas ◽  
Michael Doumas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Cardiovascular Protection ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease are intimately linked. They share major risk factors, including age, hypertension, and diabetes, and common pathogenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, reduced renal function and kidney injury documented with albuminuria are independent risk factors for cardiovascular events and mortality. In major renal outcome trials and subsequent meta-analyses in patients with CKD, ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors and ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers) were shown to effectively retard CKD progression but not to significantly reduce cardiovascular events or mortality. Thus, a high residual risk for cardiovascular disease progression under standard-of-care treatment is still present for patients with CKD. In contrast to the above, several outcome trials with SGLT-2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2) inhibitors and MRAs (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) clearly suggest that these agents, apart from nephroprotection, offer important cardioprotection in this population. This article discusses existing evidence on the effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors and MRAs on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD that open new roads in cardiovascular protection of this heavily burdened population.

Web-Based Three-Layer Protection Mechanism Against Distributed Denial of Service

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Askar T. Rakhmanov ◽  
Shukhrat K. Kamalov ◽  
Komil F. Kerimov
Keyword(s):  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Distributed Denial Of Service ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Protection Mechanism

Changes in Blood Glucose Levels and Body Weight in Patients Administered Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1167-P
Author(s):  
HUN-SUNG KIM ◽  
EUN YOUNG LEE ◽  
KUN-HO YOON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter
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