The Localization of Persistent Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in the Epithelial Cells of the Soft Palate and Pharynx

2001 ◽  
Vol 124 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.D. Zhang ◽  
R.P. Kitching
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Proteogenomics Uncovers Critical Elements of Host Response in Bovine Soft Palate Epithelial Cells Following In Vitro Infection with Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Pfaff ◽  
Sara Hägglund ◽  
Martina Zoli ◽  
Sandra Blaise-Boisseau ◽  
Eve Laloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the most devastating disease of cloven-hoofed livestock, with a crippling economic burden in endemic areas and immense costs associated with outbreaks in free countries. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a picornavirus, will spread rapidly in naïve populations, reaching morbidity rates of up to 100% in cattle. Even after recovery, over 50% of cattle remain subclinically infected and infectious virus can be recovered from the nasopharynx. The pathogen and host factors that contribute to FMDV persistence are currently not understood. Using for the first time primary bovine soft palate multilayers in combination with proteogenomics, we analyzed the transcriptional responses during acute and persistent FMDV infection. During the acute phase viral RNA and protein was detectable in large quantities and in response hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) were overexpressed, mediating antiviral activity and apoptosis. Although the number of pro-apoptotic ISGs and the extent of their regulation decreased during persistence, some ISGs with antiviral activity were still highly expressed at that stage. This indicates a long-lasting but ultimately ineffective stimulation of ISGs during FMDV persistence. Furthermore, downregulation of relevant genes suggests an interference with the extracellular matrix that may contribute to the skewed virus-host equilibrium in soft palate epithelial cells.

scholarly journals Model of persistent foot‐and‐mouth disease virus infection in multilayered cells derived from bovine dorsal soft palate

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Hägglund ◽  
Eve Laloy ◽  
Katarina Näslund ◽  
Florian Pfaff ◽  
Michael Eschbaumer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals The persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Virus Persistence ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Sheep infected with FMDV strains of different epizootiological origin developed a carrier state which persisted in the majority of animals for 1–5 months.The sites of virus persistence and multiplication in the convalescent animal were identified by titration of suspensions of mucosae and epithelia taken post mortem. Virus was recovered most frequently and in highest titre from the tonsillar area and less frequently from the pharynx and dorsal surface of the soft palate. No virus was found in samples taken from the nasal passages, the trachea or the rumen.

scholarly journals Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replicates Only Transiently in Well-Differentiated Porcine Nasal Epithelial Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (18) ◽  
pp. 9149-9160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradyot Dash ◽  
Paul V. Barnett ◽  
Michael S. Denyer ◽  
Terry Jackson ◽  
Catrina M. A. Stirling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Progeny Virus ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Apical Side ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACT Three-dimensional (3D) porcine nasal mucosal and tracheal mucosal epithelial cell cultures were developed to analyze foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) interactions with mucosal epithelial cells. The cells in these cultures differentiated and polarized until they closely resemble the epithelial layers seen in vivo. FMDV infected these cultures predominantly from the apical side, primarily by binding to integrin αvβ6, in an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-dependent manner. However, FMDV replicated only transiently without any visible cytopathic effect (CPE), and infectious progeny virus could be recovered only from the apical side. The infection induced the production of beta interferon (IFN-β) and the IFN-inducible gene Mx1 mRNA, which coincided with the disappearance of viral RNA and progeny virus. The induction of IFN-β mRNA correlated with the antiviral activity of the supernatants from both the apical and basolateral compartments. IFN-α mRNA was constitutively expressed in nasal mucosal epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, FMDV infection induced interleukin 8 (IL-8) protein, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and RANTES mRNA in the infected epithelial cells, suggesting that it plays an important role in modulating the immune response.

scholarly journals The αvβ6 integrin receptor for Foot-and-mouth disease virus is expressed constitutively on the epithelial cells targeted in cattle

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 2769-2780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Monaghan ◽  
Sarah Gold ◽  
Jennifer Simpson ◽  
Zhidong Zhang ◽  
Paul H. Weinreb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Integrin Receptors ◽  
Integrin Receptor ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Field strains of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) use a number of αv-integrins as receptors to initiate infection on cultured cells, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in animals. In this study, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and real-time RT-PCR were used to investigate expression of two of the integrin receptors of FMDV, αvβ6 and αvβ3, within various epithelia targeted by this virus in cattle. These studies show that αvβ6 is expressed constitutively on the surfaces of epithelial cells at sites where infectious lesions occur during a natural infection, but not at sites where lesions are not normally formed. Expression of αvβ6 protein at these sites showed a good correlation with the relative abundance of β6 mRNA. In contrast, αvβ3 protein was only detected at low levels on the vasculature and not on the epithelial cells of any of the tissues investigated. Together, these data suggest that in cattle, αvβ6, rather than αvβ3, serves as the major receptor that determines the tropism of FMDV for the epithelia normally targeted by this virus.

High resolution surface structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-377
Author(s):  
S. S. Breese ◽  
H. L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Models for the structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have been proposed from chemical and physical measurements (Brown, et al., 1970; Talbot and Brown, 1972; Strohmaier and Adam, 1976) and from rotational image-enhancement electron microscopy (Breese, et al., 1965). In this report we examine the surface structure of FMDV particles by high resolution electron microscopy and compare it with that of particles in which the outermost capsid protein VP3 (ca. 30, 000 daltons) has been split into smaller segments, two of which VP3a and VP3b have molecular weights of about 15, 000 daltons (Bachrach, et al., 1975).Highly purified and concentrated type A12, strain 119 FMDV (5 mg/ml) was prepared as previously described (Bachrach, et al., 1964) and stored at 4°C in 0. 2 M KC1-0. 5 M potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7. 5. For electron microscopy, 1. 0 ml samples of purified virus and trypsin-treated virus were dialyzed at 4°C against 0. 2 M NH4OAC at pH 7. 3, deposited onto carbonized formvar-coated copper screens and stained with phosphotungstic acid, pH 7. 3.

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