scholarly journals Isovelocity vs. Isoinertial Sprint Cycling Tests for Power- and Torque-cadence Relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (14) ◽  
pp. 897-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kordi ◽  
Jonathan Folland ◽  
Stuart Goodall ◽  
Paul Barratt ◽  
Glyn Howatson
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Functional Measures ◽  
Sprint Cycling ◽  
Optimal Cadence

AbstractSprint cycling performance is heavily dependent on mechanical peak power output (PPO) and the underlying power- and torque-cadence relationships. Other key indices of these relationships include maximum torque (TMAX), cadence (CMAX) and optimal cadence (COPT). Two common methods are used in the laboratory to ascertain PPO: isovelocity and isoinertial. Little research has been carried out to compare the magnitude and reliability of these performance measures with these two common sprint cycling assessments. The aim of this study was to compare the magnitude and reliability of PPO, TMAX, CMAX and COPT measured with isovelocity and isoinertial sprint cycling methods. Two experimental sessions required 20 trained cyclists to perform isoinertial sprints and then isovelocity sprints. For each method, power-cadence and torque-cadence relationships were established, and PPO and COPT were interpolated and TMAX and CMAX were extrapolated. The isoinertial method produced significantly higher PPO (p<0.001) and TMAX (p<0.001) than the isovelocity method. However, the isovelocity method produced significantly higher COPT (p<0.001) and CMAX (p=0.002). Both sprint cycling tests showed high levels of between-session reliability (isoinertial 2.9–4.4%; isovelocity 2.7–4.0%). Functional measures of isovelocity and isoinertial sprint cycling tests were highly reliable but should not be used interchangably.

scholarly journals Peak power output provides the most reliable measure of performance in prolonged intermittent-sprint cycling

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hayes ◽  
Drew Smith ◽  
Paul C. Castle ◽  
Peter W. Watt ◽  
Emma Z. Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Sprint Cycling ◽  
Measure Of Performance

scholarly journals Quasi-Isometric Cycling: A Case Study Investigation of a Novel Method to Augment Peak Power Output in Sprint Cycling

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kordi ◽  
Martin Evans ◽  
Glyn Howatson
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
National Level ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Sprint Cycling

Purpose: Peak power output (PPO) is a determinant of sprint cycling performance and can be enhanced by resistance exercise that targets maximum strength. Conventional resistance training is not always suitable for elite cyclists because of chronic spinal issues; therefore, alternative methods to improve strength that concurrently reduce injury risk are welcome. In this case study, quasi-isometric cycling (QIC), a novel task-specific resistance-training method designed to improve PPO without the use of transitional resistance training, was investigated. Methods: A highly trained sprint track cyclist (10.401 s for 200 m) completed a 5-week training block followed by a second 5-week block that replaced conventional resistance training with the novel QIC training method. The replacement training method required the cyclist to maximally drive the crank of a modified cycle ergometer for 5 seconds as it passed through a ∼100° range (starting at 45° from top dead center) at a constant angular velocity. Each session consisted of 3 sets of 6 repetitions on each leg. The lab PPO was recorded in the saddle and out of the saddle. Results: Conventional training did not alter sprinting ability; however, the intervention improved the out-of-the-saddle PPO by 100 W (from 1751 to 1851 W), while the in-the-saddle PPO increased by 57 W from 1671 to 1728 W. Conclusion: QIC increased PPO in a highly trained, national-level sprint cyclist, which could be translated to improvements in performance on the track. Furthermore, QIC provides a simple, but nonetheless effective, alternative for sprint track cyclists who have compromised function to perform traditional strength training.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PEAK POWER OUTPUT AND 30-MIN CYCLING PERFORMANCE

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S337
Author(s):  
D J. Bentley ◽  
L R. McNaughton ◽  
V E. Vleck ◽  
J Hatcher
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
The Relationship

Combined Glucose Ingestion and Mouth Rinsing Improves Sprint Cycling Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Chong ◽  
Kym J. Guelfi ◽  
Paul A. Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Glucose Ingestion ◽  
Sprint Cycling ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

This study investigated whether combined ingestion and mouth rinsing with a carbohydrate solution could improve maximal sprint cycling performance. Twelve competitive male cyclists ingested 100 ml of one of the following solutions 20 min before exercise in a randomized double-blinded counterbalanced order (a) 10% glucose solution, (b) 0.05% aspartame solution, (c) 9.0% maltodextrin solution, or (d) water as a control. Fifteen min after ingestion, repeated mouth rinsing was carried out with 11 × 15 ml bolus doses of the same solution at 30-s intervals. Each participant then performed a 45-s maximal sprint effort on a cycle ergometer. Peak power output was significantly higher in response to the glucose trial (1188 ± 166 W) compared with the water (1036 ± 177 W), aspartame (1088 ± 128 W) and maltodextrin (1024 ± 202W) trials by 14.7 ± 10.6, 9.2 ± 4.6 and 16.0 ± 6.0% respectively (p < .05). Mean power output during the sprint was significantly higher in the glucose trial compared with maltodextrin (p < .05) and also tended to be higher than the water trial (p = .075). Glucose and maltodextrin resulted in a similar increase in blood glucose, and the responses of blood lactate and pH to sprinting did not differ significantly between treatments (p > .05). These findings suggest that combining the ingestion of glucose with glucose mouth rinsing improves maximal sprint performance. This ergogenic effect is unlikely to be related to changes in blood glucose, sweetness, or energy sensing mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Relation between Peak Power Output in Sprint Cycling and Maximum Voluntary Isometric Torque Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kordi ◽  
Stuart Goodall ◽  
Paul Barratt ◽  
Nicola Rowley ◽  
Jonathan Leeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Isometric Torque ◽  
Sprint Cycling

scholarly journals Effects of ischemic preconditioning on maximal constant-load cycling performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 961-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Santos de Oliveira Cruz ◽  
Rafael Alves de Aguiar ◽  
Tiago Turnes ◽  
Kayo Leonardo Pereira ◽  
Fabrizio Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Rate Of Increase

This study investigated the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), surface electromyography, and pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇o2) onset kinetics during cycling until exhaustion at the peak power output attained during an incremental test. A group of 12 recreationally trained cyclists volunteered for this study. After determination of peak power output during an incremental test, they were randomly subjected on different days to a performance protocol preceded by intermittent bilateral cuff pressure inflation to 220 mmHg (IPC) or 20 mmHg (control). To increase data reliability, the performance visits were replicated, also in a random manner. There was an 8.0% improvement in performance after IPC (control: 303 s, IPC 327 s, factor SDs of ×/÷1.13, P = 0.01). This change was followed by a 2.9% increase in peak V̇o2 (control: 3.95 l/min, IPC: 4.06 l/min, factor SDs of ×/÷1.15, P = 0.04), owing to a higher amplitude of the slow component of the V̇o2 kinetics (control: 0.45 l/min, IPC: 0.63 l/min, factor SDs of ×/÷2.21, P = 0.05). There was also an attenuation in the rate of increase in RPE ( P = 0.01) and a progressive increase in the myoelectrical activity of the vastus lateralis muscle ( P = 0.04). Furthermore, the changes in peak V̇o2 ( r = 0.73, P = 0.007) and the amplitude of the slow component ( r = 0.79, P = 0.002) largely correlated with performance improvement. These findings provide a link between improved aerobic metabolism and enhanced severe-intensity cycling performance after IPC. Furthermore, the delayed exhaustion after IPC under lower RPE and higher skeletal muscle activation suggest they have a role on the ergogenic effects of IPC on endurance performance.

Less is more: standard warm-up causes fatigue and less warm-up permits greater cycling power output

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias K. Tomaras ◽  
Brian R. MacIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Intensity Increase ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Less Is More ◽  
Optimal Cadence

The traditional warm-up (WU) used by athletes to prepare for a sprint track cycling event involves a general WU followed by a series of brief sprints lasting ≥50 min in total. A WU of this duration and intensity could cause significant fatigue and impair subsequent performance. The purpose of this research was to compare a traditional WU with an experimental WU and examine the consequences of traditional and experimental WU on the 30-s Wingate test and electrically elicited twitch contractions. The traditional WU began with 20 min of cycling with a gradual intensity increase from 60% to 95% of maximal heart rate; then four sprints were performed at 8-min intervals. The experimental WU was shorter with less high-intensity exercise: intensity increased from 60% to 70% of maximal heart rate over 15 min; then just one sprint was performed. The Wingate test was conducted with a 1-min lead-in at 80% of optimal cadence followed by a Wingate test at optimal cadence. Peak active twitch torque was significantly lower after the traditional than experimental WU (86.5 ± 3.3% vs. 94.6 ± 2.4%, P < 0.05) when expressed as percentage of pre-WU amplitude. Wingate test performance was significantly better ( P < 0.01) after experimental WU (peak power output = 1,390 ± 80 W, work = 29.1 ± 1.2 kJ) than traditional WU (peak power output = 1,303 ± 89 W, work = 27.7 ± 1.2 kJ). The traditional track cyclist's WU results in significant fatigue, which corresponds with impaired peak power output. A shorter and lower-intensity WU permits a better performance.

scholarly journals Caffeine and Sprint Cycling Performance: Effects of Torque Factor and Sprint Duration

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-431
Author(s):  
Mark Glaister ◽  
Colin Towey ◽  
Owen Jeffries ◽  
Daniel Muniz-Pumares ◽  
Paul Foley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Sprint Cycling ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Sprint Duration

Purpose:To investigate the influence of torque factor and sprint duration on the effects of caffeine on sprint cycling performance.Methods:Using a counterbalanced, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 13 men completed 9 trials. In trial 1, participants completed a series of 6-s sprints at increasing torque factors to determine the torque factor, for each individual, that elicited the highest (Toptimal) peak power output (PPO). The remaining trials involved all combinations of torque factor (0.8 N·m−1·kg−1vsToptimal), sprint duration (10 s vs 30 s), and supplementation (caffeine [5 mg·kg−1] vs placebo).Results:There was a significant effect of torque factor on PPO, with higher values atToptimal(mean difference 168 W; 95% likely range 142–195 W). There was also a significant effect of sprint duration on PPO, with higher values in 10-s sprints (mean difference 52 W; 95% likely range 18–86 W). However, there was no effect of supplementation on PPO (P = .056). Nevertheless, there was a significant torque factor × sprint duration × supplement interaction (P = .036), with post hoc tests revealing that caffeine produced a higher PPO (mean difference 76 W; 95% likely range 19–133 W) when the sprint duration was 10 s and the torque factor wasToptimal.Conclusion:The results of this study show that when torque factor and sprint duration are optimized, to allow participants to express their highest PPO, there is a clear effect of caffeine on sprinting performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document