scholarly journals Quasi-Isometric Cycling: A Case Study Investigation of a Novel Method to Augment Peak Power Output in Sprint Cycling

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kordi ◽  
Martin Evans ◽  
Glyn Howatson
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
National Level ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Sprint Cycling

Purpose: Peak power output (PPO) is a determinant of sprint cycling performance and can be enhanced by resistance exercise that targets maximum strength. Conventional resistance training is not always suitable for elite cyclists because of chronic spinal issues; therefore, alternative methods to improve strength that concurrently reduce injury risk are welcome. In this case study, quasi-isometric cycling (QIC), a novel task-specific resistance-training method designed to improve PPO without the use of transitional resistance training, was investigated. Methods: A highly trained sprint track cyclist (10.401 s for 200 m) completed a 5-week training block followed by a second 5-week block that replaced conventional resistance training with the novel QIC training method. The replacement training method required the cyclist to maximally drive the crank of a modified cycle ergometer for 5 seconds as it passed through a ∼100° range (starting at 45° from top dead center) at a constant angular velocity. Each session consisted of 3 sets of 6 repetitions on each leg. The lab PPO was recorded in the saddle and out of the saddle. Results: Conventional training did not alter sprinting ability; however, the intervention improved the out-of-the-saddle PPO by 100 W (from 1751 to 1851 W), while the in-the-saddle PPO increased by 57 W from 1671 to 1728 W. Conclusion: QIC increased PPO in a highly trained, national-level sprint cyclist, which could be translated to improvements in performance on the track. Furthermore, QIC provides a simple, but nonetheless effective, alternative for sprint track cyclists who have compromised function to perform traditional strength training.

scholarly journals Peak power output provides the most reliable measure of performance in prolonged intermittent-sprint cycling

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hayes ◽  
Drew Smith ◽  
Paul C. Castle ◽  
Peter W. Watt ◽  
Emma Z. Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Sprint Cycling ◽  
Measure Of Performance

scholarly journals Relation between Peak Power Output in Sprint Cycling and Maximum Voluntary Isometric Torque Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kordi ◽  
Stuart Goodall ◽  
Paul Barratt ◽  
Nicola Rowley ◽  
Jonathan Leeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Isometric Torque ◽  
Sprint Cycling

scholarly journals Cycling‐specific isometric resistance training improves peak power output in elite sprint cyclists

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1594-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kordi ◽  
Jonathan P Folland ◽  
Stuart Goodall ◽  
Campbell Menzies ◽  
Tejal Sarika Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Peak Power Output

scholarly journals Can Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) Improve Resistance Training Volume during the Bench Press Exercise?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Michal Wilk ◽  
Aleksandra Filip ◽  
Piotr Zmijewski ◽  
Adam Zajac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Bar Velocity

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) on resistance training volume during the bench press exercise (BP). The study included 12 healthy strength-trained males (age 25.2 ± 2.1 years, body mass 92.1 ± 8.7 kg, BP one-repetition maximum (1RM) 28.8 ± 10.5 kg, training experience 6.3 ± 2.1 years). Methods: The experiment was performed following a randomized crossover design, where each participant performed two different exercise protocols with a conditioning activity (CA) consisting of the BP with three sets of three repetitions at 85% 1RM (PAPE), and a control without the CA (CONT). To assess the differences between PAPE and CONT, the participants performed three sets of the BP to volitional failure at 60% 1RM. The differences in the number of performed repetitions (REP), time under tension (TUT), peak power output (PP), mean of peak power output (PPMEAN), mean power output (MP), peak bar velocity (PV), mean of peak bar velocity (PVMEAN), and mean bar velocity (MV) between the CONT and PAPE conditions were examined using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The post-hoc analysis for the main condition effect indicated significant increases in TUT (p < 0.01) for the BP following PAPE, compared to the CONT condition. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in TUT (p < 0.01) in the third set for PAPE compared to the CONT condition. No statistically significant main effect was revealed for REP, PP, PV, PPMEAN, PVMEAN, MP, and MV. Conclusion: The main finding of the study was that the PAPE protocol increased training volume based on TUT, without changes in the number of preformed REP.

scholarly journals Beta2-agonist salbutamol augments hypertrophy in MHCIIa fibers and sprint power output but not muscle force during 11 weeks of resistance training in young men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Jessen ◽  
Søren Reitelseder ◽  
Anders Kalsen ◽  
Michael Kreiberg ◽  
Johan Onslev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Mean Power Output

In this study, we examined the effect of beta2-agonist salbutamol at oral doses during a period of resistance training on sprint performance, quadriceps contractile function, skeletal muscle hypertrophy, fiber-type composition, maximal activity of enzymes of importance for anaerobic energy turnover, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-handling in young men. Twenty-six men (23±2 years;mean±SD) were randomized to daily intake of oral salbutamol (16 mg/d;RES+SAL) or placebo (RES) during 11 weeks full-body resistance training 3 times/week. Mean power output during 10s maximal cycling increased more (P=0.027) in RES+SAL (+12%) than in RES (+7%), whereas peak power output increased similarly (RES+SAL:+8%;RES:+7%;P=0.400). Quadriceps dynamic peak torque and maximal voluntary isometric torque increased by 13 and 14% (P≤0.001) in RES+SAL and 13 and 13% (P≤0.001) in RES, respectively. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform distribution transitioned from MHCI and MHCIIx towards MHCIIa in RES+SAL (P=0.002), but not in RES (P=0.323). MHCIIa cross-sectional-area increased more (P=0.040) in RES+SAL (+35%) than RES (+21%). Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-release rate increased in both groups (RES+SAL:+9%,P=0.048;RES:+13%,P=0.008), whereas Ca2+-uptake rate increased only in RES (+12%,P=0.022) but not different from the non-significant change in RES+SAL (+2%,P=0.484). Maximal activity of lactate dehydrogenase increased only in RES+SAL (+13%,P=0.008). Muscle content of the dihydropyridine receptor, ryanodine receptor 1, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase isoform 1 and 2 did not change with the intervention in either group (P≥0.100). These observations suggest that salbutamol is a muscle anabolic drug, which induces greater sprint mean power output, without affecting peak power output and muscle strength when ingested during a period of resistance training.

scholarly journals Isovelocity vs. Isoinertial Sprint Cycling Tests for Power- and Torque-cadence Relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (14) ◽  
pp. 897-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kordi ◽  
Jonathan Folland ◽  
Stuart Goodall ◽  
Paul Barratt ◽  
Glyn Howatson
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Functional Measures ◽  
Sprint Cycling ◽  
Optimal Cadence

AbstractSprint cycling performance is heavily dependent on mechanical peak power output (PPO) and the underlying power- and torque-cadence relationships. Other key indices of these relationships include maximum torque (TMAX), cadence (CMAX) and optimal cadence (COPT). Two common methods are used in the laboratory to ascertain PPO: isovelocity and isoinertial. Little research has been carried out to compare the magnitude and reliability of these performance measures with these two common sprint cycling assessments. The aim of this study was to compare the magnitude and reliability of PPO, TMAX, CMAX and COPT measured with isovelocity and isoinertial sprint cycling methods. Two experimental sessions required 20 trained cyclists to perform isoinertial sprints and then isovelocity sprints. For each method, power-cadence and torque-cadence relationships were established, and PPO and COPT were interpolated and TMAX and CMAX were extrapolated. The isoinertial method produced significantly higher PPO (p<0.001) and TMAX (p<0.001) than the isovelocity method. However, the isovelocity method produced significantly higher COPT (p<0.001) and CMAX (p=0.002). Both sprint cycling tests showed high levels of between-session reliability (isoinertial 2.9–4.4%; isovelocity 2.7–4.0%). Functional measures of isovelocity and isoinertial sprint cycling tests were highly reliable but should not be used interchangably.

Abstract P134: Preliminary Data: Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Does Not Extend Dry Static Apnea Or Wingate Performance

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Carriker ◽  
Phillip Armentrout ◽  
Sarah Levine ◽  
James Smoliga
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Hold Time ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

Introduction: Previous studies have examined dietary nitrate supplementation and its effects on dry static apnea, and peak power. Dietary nitrate supplementation has been found to increase maximal apnea and peak power output. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of beetroot juice on dry static apnea and Wingate performance. Hypothesis: Dietary nitrate will improve maximal breath hold time and peak power output. Dietary nitrate will improve tolerance to CO2, thereby improving maximal breath hold time and anaerobic capacity. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced study, five healthy males (20.4±0.89 years) visited the lab on 3 separate occasions each separated by one week. Visit 1 served as a Wingate and breath hold familiarization visit. Prior to visits 2 and 3 participants were instructed to drink a beverage either a placebo (negligible nitrate content, PL) or dietary nitrate rich beverage (12.4 mmol nitrate, NIT) during the 4 days leading up to their next visit. Visits 2 and 3 consisted of two submaximal breath holds (80% of maximal determined during visit 1), with 2 minutes of rest between and three minutes of rest preceding the final breath hold for maximal duration. Finally, participants completed a standardized 10-minute warmup on the cycle ergometer before completing a 30-second maximal effort Wingate test. Results: A linear mixed effects model was used to determine whether treatment (NIT vs. PL) was associated with differences in VCO2 or PetCO2. Time (0, 10, 20, 30 min post-breath hold) and Treatment both served as repeated measures. Models were developed using multiple repeated measures covariance matrix structures, and the model with the lowest AIC was chosen as the final model. The interaction between time and treatment was included in the original models, and was removed if it was not statistically significant. Time was a statistically significant factor for VCO2 and PetCO2 (p < 0.001). Treatment, and the Time x Treatment interaction was not significant for either variable. No differences between NIT and PL were observed during the Wingate test for either time to peak power (5.02±2.45 and 6.2±2.43 sec, respectively) or maximal power (9.73±1.01 and 9.72±1.03 watts/kg, respectively) and fatigue index (49.42±14.98 and 47.30±6.99 watts/sec, respectively). Conclusion: Preliminary data indicates that in a general population four days of dietary nitrate supplementation may not improve breath hold time, tolerance to carbon dioxide in the lungs, or Wingate performance.

Force-velocity and force-power properties of single muscle fibers from elite master runners and sedentary men

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (2) ◽  
pp. C676-C683 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Widrick ◽  
S. W. Trappe ◽  
D. L. Costill ◽  
R. H. Fitts
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Type I ◽  
Shortening Velocity ◽  
Force Velocity

Gastrocnemius muscle fiber bundles were obtained by needle biopsy from five middle-aged sedentary men (SED group) and six age-matched endurance-trained master runners (RUN group). A single chemically permeabilized fiber segment was mounted between a force transducer and a position motor, subjected to a series of isotonic contractions at maximal Ca2+ activation (15 degrees C), and subsequently run on a 5% polyacrylamide gel to determine myosin heavy chain composition. The Hill equation was fit to the data obtained for each individual fiber (r2 > or = 0.98). For the SED group, fiber force-velocity parameters varied (P < 0.05) with fiber myosin heavy chain expression as follows: peak force, no differences: peak tension (force/fiber cross-sectional area), type IIx > type IIa > type I; maximal shortening velocity (Vmax, defined as y-intercept of force-velocity relationship), type IIx = type IIa > type I; a/Pzero (where a is a constant with dimensions of force and Pzero is peak isometric force), type IIx > type IIa > type I. Consequently, type IIx fibers produced twice as much peak power as type IIa fibers, whereas type IIa fibers produced about five times more peak power than type I fibers. RUN type I and IIa fibers were smaller in diameter and produced less peak force than SED type I and IIa fibers. The absolute peak power output of RUN type I and IIa fibers was 13 and 27% less, respectively, than peak power of similarly typed SED fibers. However, type I and IIa Vmax and a/Pzero were not different between the SED and RUN groups, and RUN type I and IIa power deficits disappeared after power was normalized for differences in fiber diameter. Thus the reduced absolute peak power output of the type I and IIa fibers from the master runners was a result of the smaller diameter of these fibers and a corresponding reduction in their peak isometric force production. This impairment in absolute peak power production at the single fiber level may be in part responsible for the reduced in vivo power output previously observed for endurance-trained athletes.

Arm muscle sympathetic nerve activity during preparation for and initiation of leg-cycling exercise in humans

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1403-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Callister ◽  
A. V. Ng ◽  
D. R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Target Power ◽  
Leg Cycling ◽  
Exercise In Humans

We tested the hypothesis that sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity to nonactive skeletal muscle (MSNA) decreases immediately before and remains suppressed during initiation of conventional large muscle upright dynamic exercise in humans. In 11 healthy young subjects, adequate recordings of MSNA from the radial nerve in the arm were obtained during upright seated rest (control) and throughout 1 min of leg-cycling exercise at one or more submaximal workloads (range 33–266 W; approximately 10–80% of peak power output). MSNA was analyzed during four consecutive time intervals; control, preparation for cycling (end of control to onset of pedal movement), initiation of cycling (onset of pedal movement to attainment of target power output), and the initial 60 s of cycling at target power output. MSNA decreased (P < 0.05) abruptly and markedly in all subjects [to 19 +/- 4% (SE) of control levels] during the preparation period before the 33-W load and remained suppressed throughout the period of initiation of cycling in 8 of 11 subjects; MSNA increased during the initiation period in three subjects in whom diastolic arterial pressure fell below control levels. This general pattern was observed at all loads. MSNA remained at or below control levels throughout the 1 min of cycling exercise at 33–166 W. MSNA increased above control levels during the latter portion of the 1 min of cycling only at loads > or = 60% of peak power output.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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