REM-Schlafverhaltensstörung

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (07) ◽  
pp. 545-549
Author(s):  
Anna Heidbreder ◽  
Ambra Stefani

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Rapid-Eye-Movement (REM)-Schlafverhaltensstörung (RBD) ist eine Parasomnie, bei der es zu einem unwillkürlichen Ausleben von Trauminhalten während des REM-Schlafes kommt. Die physiologische Muskelatonie während des REM-Schlafes ist aufgehoben. Die Mehrheit (> 90 %) der Patienten mit einer isolierten RBD (iRBD) entwickeln im weiteren Verlauf eine alpha-Synukleinopathie (M. Parkinson, Demenz mit Lewy-Körperchen, Multisystematrophie). Liegt eine RBD vor, führt die Degeneration von Schaltkreisen des Nucleus subcoeruleus, die inhibierend auf die medulläre Formatio reticularis und in die spinalen Vorderhörner einwirken, dazu, dass Bewegungen während des REM-Schlafs möglich werden. Um die Diagnose einer RBD stellen zu können, ist der Nachweis einer fehlenden Muskeltonusabsenkung während des REM-Schlafes (REM-sleep without atonia, RWA) notwendig, was nur mit Hilfe einer Videopolysomnografie möglich ist. Grundvoraussetzung für die Beurteilung von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten und Vokalisationen ist die zeitsynchrone Aufzeichnung von Video und Ton. Kurative oder krankheitsmodulierende Therapien existieren nicht. Groß angelegte Behandlungsstudien, die einen Effekt in der symptomatischen Behandlung nachweisen, liegen ebenfalls nicht vor, sodass Therapieempfehlungen meist auf Expertenmeinungen und Daten retrospektiver Fallserien basieren. Dabei zeigten sich Melatonin 3–12 mg und Clonazepam 0,25–2 mg als wirksam. Da die RBD ein Frühstadium einer neurodegenerativen Erkrankung darstellt, bietet sie sich in der Zukunft als Ausgangspunkt für neuroprotektive Studien an.

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Gatto ◽  
M.C. Uribe Roca ◽  
O. Martínez ◽  
Stella Valiensi ◽  
Birgit Högl

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 159-159
Author(s):  
Tiana Broen ◽  
Tomiko Yoneda ◽  
Jonathan Rush ◽  
Jamie Knight ◽  
Nathan Lewis ◽  
...  

Abstract Previous cross-sectional research suggests that age-related decreases in Rapid-Eye Movement (REM) sleep may contribute to poorer cognitive functioning (CF); however, few studies have examined the relationship at the intraindividual level by measuring habitual sleep over multiple days. Applying a 14-day daily diary design, the current study examines the dynamic relationship between REM sleep and CF in 69 healthy older adults (M age=70.8 years, SD=3.37; 73.9% female; 66.6% completed at least an undergraduate degree). A Fitbit device provided actigraphy indices of REM sleep (minutes and percentage of total sleep time), while CF was measured four times daily on a smartphone via ambulatory cognitive tests that captured processing speed and working memory. This research addressed the following questions: At the within-person level, are fluctuations in quantity of REM sleep associated with fluctuations in next day cognitive measures across days? Do individuals who spend more time in REM sleep on average, perform better on cognitive tests than adults who spend less time in REM sleep? A series of multilevel models were fit to examine the extent to which each index of sleep accounted for daily fluctuations in performance on next day cognitive tests. Results indicated that during nights when individuals had more REM sleep minutes than was typical, they performed better on the working memory task the next morning (estimate = -.003, SE = .002, p = .02). These results highlight the impact of REM sleep on CF, and further research may allow for targeted interventions for earlier treatment of sleep-related cognitive impairment.


2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhansu Chokroverty

Recent research has generated an enormous fund of knowledge about the neurobiology of sleep and wakefulness. Sleeping and waking brain circuits can now be studied by sophisticated neuroimaging techniques that map different areas of the brain during different sleep states and stages. Although the exact biologic functions of sleep are not known, sleep is essential, and sleep deprivation leads to impaired attention and decreased performance. Sleep is also believed to have restorative, conservative, adaptive, thermoregulatory, and consolidative functions. This review discusses the physiology of sleep, including its two independent states, rapid eye movement (REM) and non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, as well as functional neuroanatomy, physiologic changes during sleep, and circadian rhythms. The classification and diagnosis of sleep disorders are discussed generally. The diagnosis and treatment of the following disorders are described: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy-cataplexy sydrome, idiopathic hypersomnia, restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movements in sleep, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, insomnias, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, and parasomnias. Sleep-related movement disorders and the relationship between sleep and psychiatric disorders are also discussed. Tables describe behavioral and physiologic characteristics of states of awareness, the international classification of sleep disorders, common sleep complaints, comorbid insomnia disorders, causes of excessive daytime somnolence, laboratory tests to assess sleep disorders, essential diagnostic criteria for RLS and Willis-Ekbom disease, and drug therapy for insomnia. Figures include polysomnographic recording showing wakefulness in an adult; stage 1, 2, and 3 NREM sleep in an adult; REM sleep in an adult; a patient with sleep apnea syndrome; a patient with Cheyne-Stokes breathing; a patient with RLS; and a patient with dream-enacting behavior; schematic sagittal section of the brainstem of the cat; schematic diagram of the McCarley-Hobson model of REM sleep mechanism; the Lu-Saper “flip-flop” model; the Luppi model to explain REM sleep mechanism; and a wrist actigraph from a man with bipolar disorder. This review contains 14 highly rendered figures, 8 tables, 115 references, and 5 MCQs.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Chi Chan ◽  
Hsun-Hua Lee ◽  
Chien-Tai Hong ◽  
Chaur-Jong Hu ◽  
Dean Wu

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia, with abnormal dream-enacting behavior during the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. RBD is either idiopathic or secondary to other neurologic disorders and medications. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the third most common cause of dementia, and the typical clinical presentation is rapidly progressive cognitive impairment. RBD is one of the core features of DLB and may occur either in advance or simultaneously with the onset of DLB. The association between RBD with DLB is widely studied. Evidences suggest that both DLB and RBD are possibly caused by the shared underlying synucleinopathy. This review article discusses history, clinical manifestations, possible pathophysiologies, and treatment of DLB and RBD and provides the latest updates.


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