Design of hand-wash equipment prevention Covid-19 use solar energy

SARSCOV-2 virus and new strains have been spreading in most countries and regions around the world, the COVID-19 epidemic it causes has infected millions of people, the urgent need is to prevent their spread. On the market, there are many types of hand wash equipment automatically spray disinfectant solution used with many different sensors and operating principles, but most are still using AC power. In this topic, we design automatic hand-wash equipment by applying the transmitter and receiver principle of the moving infrared sensor circuit and delay relay circuit to detect someone appearing in the observation area, click activating the MP3 reader circuit plays the 5D (5D-Dodge - Disinfection - Distance – Dismeeting - Declare) propaganda sound about Covid -19 disease prevention and the position sensor activates the mini-pump to spray the hand-washing gel within a certain detecting distance. We have conducted experiments and completed our projects with devices that use energy from solar cells, through charging circuits and storage batteries to use renewable energy, minimizing the impact of the greenhouse effect.

Low-Cost Benzene Toluene Xylene Measurement Gas System Based on the Mini Chromatographic Cartridge

Benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) are an important part of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to be detected and monitored in the air, due to their toxicity towards human health. One of the most reliable technique used in BTX detection is gas chromatography (GC), which presents a high sensitivity. On the other hand, it has important drawbacks, such as high costs, the need for qualified personnel and frequent maintenance. To overcome these drawbacks, this work reports the development of a low cost and portable BTX gas detection system based on a mini chromatographic cartridge, a photo ionization detector (PID), a simple control unit (based on Arduino architecture) and a mini pump. In order to separate the BTX components, we propose the use of a cartridge 80 mm in length, composed of several commercial chromatographic column sections. To test the system performances, we have injected different amounts (from about 0.3 to 5.3 µg) of benzene, toluene and xylene and two of the most frequent possible interferents (ethanol, acetone). Experimental results have shown different retention time values (i.e., 25 ± 0.5 s, 51 ± 1.2 s and 117 ± 4 s, respectively) for benzene, toluene and xylene.

Abstract 16216: Increases in Renal Nkcc2 and Ncc Preceded the Elevation of Blood Pressure in Mice Treated With Clozapine

One of major side effects of clozapine, a common antipsychotic drug, is hypertension. In order to explore the pathogenesis of the drug-induced hypertension, we examined the renal sodium transport proteins and BP in the C57Bl6/J male mice treated with clozapine at different doses for 1 week. Clozapine at 20mg/kg/day via osmotic mini-pump increased SBP ( 110±0.6,mmHg, femoral artery, under anesthesia) and DBP (76.7±1) relative to vehicle (97.6±1.2/71.2±2.7) while the renal protein expression of NKCC2 (180±21, % of vehicle) and NCC (171±22), and ENaC-α (140±7), β(166±21) and γ(130±7) was increased without changes in NHE3 and α1-NKA (n=5/group). Clozapine at lower doses (5&10mg/kg/day,IP) did not change the conscious SBP and DBP monitored daily by tail-cuff, even on day 7 in 5 mg/kg group (115.61±1.6/90.1±1.3) and in 10mg/kg group (116.8±2/89.0±1.6) relative to vehicle (111.9±1.5/86.9±1.4) (n=4/group). Urinary excretion of Na + & K + and serum concentrations of Na + , K + , Cl - , creatinine were similar in all groups. However, renal protein expression of NKCC2 was increased in 5mg/kg (360±80, % of vehicle) and 10mg/kg (247±50) groups; NCC was increased at 5 mg/kg (175±9); α1-NKA was increased in 5mg/kg (216±5) and 10mg/kg (163±2) groups. No increases were found in the protein expression of NHE3 and ENaCs. Those increases in renal NKCC2 &NCC at 5 & 10 mg/kg were consistent with those at 20 mg/kg. AT1R was increased at 5 (221±20) &10mg/kg (255±21) while renin (186±15) and ACE1 (186±5), not ACE2, were increased at 5 mg/kg suggesting an activation of RAAS in kidney. NOX4, not NOX2, was increased at 5 mg/kg (453±69) while NOS3, not NOS1&2, was decreased at 5 (60±21) and 10mg/kg (64±5) groups. TNFα, not IL-6 was increased at 5 (222±18) &10 mg/kg (321±26). In cultured mouse distal convoluted tubule cells, clozapine also increased NCC and α1-NKA at 1nM (169±4;156±7) and 10nm(175±23;183±15) respectively ( 24h,n=4/group). Those changes in kidney, including increases in sodium transport proteins, RAAS components, ROS generation enzymes, inflammation factors and decrease in NO synthase, preceded the elevation of BP suggesting that direct or indirect regulations of clozapine on those proteins may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the drug-induced hypertension.

Abstract 13438: The Role and Mechanism of Chronic Beta3-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade on the Progression of Heart Failure in a Rat Model

Background: The negative inotrope and up-regulation of β 3 -adrenergic receptors (AR) in human and animal failing hearts suggest a direct and contributing role of cardiac β 3 -AR activation on the progression of congestive heart failure (CHF). However, its precise role is still being debated. We hypothesize that up-regulation of cardiac β 3 -AR is detrimental and chronic β 3 -AR blockade may prevent CHF-caused intrinsic defects of left ventricular (LV) myocyte force-generating capacity and relaxation and improve β-AR regulation, thereby limiting the progression of CHF. Methods: We compared the alterations of LV and myocyte functional responses and [Ca 2+ ] i transient ([Ca 2+ ] iT ) in SD rats divided into 3 groups (8/group): 1) CHF 3 months after isoproterenol (ISO) (170 mg/kg, sq, for 2 days); 2) ISO/β 3 -ANT , 2 months after receiving ISO, a selective β 3 -AR antagonist (ANT), L-748,337, was initiated (10 -7 M/kg/day, sq. by mini-pump) and was given for 1 month; and 3) Sham controls . Results: Compared with controls, the animals that received ISO treatment had CHF onset at 1 month and progressed to severe HF at 3 months after ISO. Plasma norepinephrine (NE) (1295 vs 259 pg/ml) increased 5-fold; whereas, stroke volume (SV) (39 vs 91 μl) and ejection fraction (EF) (39 vs 62%) significantly decreased, and LV end-diastolic pressure (P ED ) (13.9 vs 6.0 mmHg) was doubled. These changes were paralleled with about 50% reductions in cell contraction (dL/dt max , 93 vs 186 μm/s) and relaxation (dR/dt max , 96 vs 159 μm/s) associated with a significant decrease in the peak systolic [Ca 2+ ] iT , (0.17 vs 0.26). In addition, superfusion of ISO (10 -8 M) caused much less increases in dL/dt max (39 vs 68%), dR/dt max (23 vs 54%), and [Ca 2+ ] IT (14 vs 28%). Treatment with β 3 -ANT increased SV (89 μl) and EF (60%), decreased P ED more than 90% from ISO-treated values, and corrected the elevation of plasma NE (301 pg/ml), dL/dt max (184 μm/s), dR/dt max (152 μm/s), and [Ca 2+ ] iT (0.24). ISO-induced increase in dL/dt max and [Ca 2+ ] iT also returned close to control levels. Conclusion: Chronic β 3 -ANT treatment after CHF significantly improves LV and myocyte contractile function and [Ca 2+ ] i regulation and limits the development of CHF. Thus, β 3 -AR blocker may provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CHF.

IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATIC PUMP CONTROL ON SEA WATER DESTILATION SYSTEM

This study aims to design an automatic pump control system and assess the effectiveness of using pumps in seawater distillation systems. The system uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller for central control of all system activities and a relay as a pump switch. Ultrasonic sensors, pH sensors and TDS sensors as input to provide information on the condition of the water in the storage container, the water pump as an output for pumping and flowing sea water and distilled water. The water pump in the seawater distillation system is used to drain seawater to the initial reservoir with a water level set point >20cm, if the set point is met, the pump will turn on. The second mini pump is used to flow the distilled water to the final reservoir with a set point value of pH <8 and a TDS value <1400, so the pump will turn on. The third mini pump is used to flow distilled water to the second basin with a set point value of pH >8 and a value of TDS >1400, so the pump will turn on, therefore the use of a pump in an automatic seawater distillation system is needed and its use can be said to be effective. Keywords: Water Pump, Relay, Control

Kontrol Pipet Otomatis Dalam Pengambilan Sampel Plasma Darah Dengan Metode Fuzzy

Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat menyebabkan peralihan teknologi yang masih manual menjadi teknologi yang lebih canggih. Pada bidang kesehatan, juga diharapkan terus dikembangkan alat-alat maupun teknologi yang semakin canggih. Salah satu alat dibidang kesehatan yang saat ini masih dapat dikembangkan, yaitu pipet yang berfungsi untuk mengambil sampel berupa cairan. Pada umunya, pipet yang digunakan dibidang laboratorium kesehatan masih bersifat manual dan diharapkan banyak dikembangkan pipet otomatis yang mempercepat dan mempermudah pengambilan sampel. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perancangan kontrol pipet otomatis menggunakan metode fuzzy untuk pengambilan sampel plasma darah. Hal ini bertujuan agar proses pengambilan sampel yang berupa plasma darah dapat dilakukan dengan cepat dan teliti. Dua metode penyimpulan fuzzy digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu fuzzy mamdani dan sugeno. Tahapan pertama dari penelitian ini adalah perancangan kontrol pipet otomatis. Kontrol pipet otomatis yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini terdiri atas LDR, LED, resistor, sensor servo, mini pump, dan rangkaian LCD yang dihubungkan dengan Arduino. Tahapan selanjutnya yaitu pengujian kinerja sensor. Kinerja sensor dan alat pada sistem diketahui dengan melakukan beberapa pengujian, yaitu pengujian sensor yang berupa uji kalibrasi, akurasi, dan presisi. Hasil pengujian akurasi sensor menunjukkan rata-rata error di bawah 5 % yang berarti sensor yang dirancang cukup akurat. Selain itu nilai lumen yang di uji pada tiap sensor tidak mengalami perubahan yang besar yang menunjukkan sensor pada alat presisi. Hasil pengujian alat juga menunjukkan bahwa kinerja alat yang mengunakan metode fuzzy mamdani dan fuzzy sugeno berjalan baik hal ini terlihat pada pengujian sampel yang sama diperoleh nilai input yang cenderung sama dan nilai output yang cenderung sama

Robot Pemadam Kebakaran Berbasis Wemos

IOT adalah sebuah paradigma baru yang bertujuan menjembatani kesenjangan antara dunia fisik dan perwakilannya dalam dunia digital. Terbatasnya tata ruang mengharuskan untuk memunculkan alat yang bisa menjangkau sudut-sudut ruangan yang tidak dapat dijangkau oleh manusia. Dari kebutuhan tersebut, maka dibuatlah robot pemadam kebakaran berbasis internet of things. Dengan penggunaan module microcontroller wemos, diharapkan dapat menggantikan sistem kabel LAN sebagai sarana untuk berkomunikasi data dari robot dengan aplikasi Blynk sehingga robot ini dapat menjangkau sudut-sudut ruangan dimana apabila menggunakan kabel sangat sulit untuk dijangkau. Robot pemadam kebakaran ini dirancang menggunakan microcontroller wemos. Microcontroller tersebut akan menjadi penghubung antara smartphone dengan rangkaian robot. Sistem penggerak robot menggunakan 2unit motor DC dengan transistor sebagai motor driver. Penyemprotan air menggunakan 1unit mini pump motor DC. Pengukuran suhu dan kelembapan dideteksi oleh sensor DHT11. Daya untuk menggerakan robot ini menggunakan 2 unit baterai 4.2 volt. Aplikasi yang digunakan adalah Blynk yang merupakan open source IoT server. Durasi pembacaan suhu dan kelembapan dilakukan selama 20 detik, dimana suhu dalam ruang adalah 29oC dengan kelembapan 70%.

Pre-quit nicotine decreases nicotine self-administration and attenuates cue- and drug-induced reinstatement

Background: Administration of smoking cessation medications in anticipation of a nominated quit date can promote abstinence. How this occurs is not widely understood, but may be due to the disruption of contingencies between smoking behaviour and acute drug effects. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore this relationship, we examined the effect of pre-quit nicotine replacement therapy on susceptibility to relapse in an animal model of nicotine dependence. Methods: Rats were trained to intravenously self-administer nicotine across 20 days. Continuous low-dose nicotine was administered via a mini-osmotic pump either across the last 7 days of self-administration and across 6 days of extinction, or across extinction only. Cue- and drug-induced reinstatements of responding were then measured with mini-pumps retained, the day after mini-pump removal or one week later. Results: Pre-quit nicotine administration markedly reduced self-administration across the last days of training as the response, and its associated cues, no longer reliably predicted an acute drug effect. Pre-quit, but not post-quit, nicotine administration significantly attenuated cue-induced reinstatement once mini-pumps were removed, indicating that the contingency disruption across training reduced the conditioned reinforcing properties of the cue at test. Both pre-quit and post-quit nicotine attenuated nicotine-primed reinstatement. Conclusions: Together these results suggest that administration of a nicotine replacement prior to a nominated quit date may enhance resistance to relapse via disruption of the contingency between a response, its associated cues, and a rewarding nicotine effect.