The Potential for Transmission of Coronaviruses via Sports Equipment; A Cricket Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory England ◽  
Nicholas Peirce ◽  
Joseph Torresi ◽  
Sean Mitchell ◽  
Andy Harland
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Transmission Pathways ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

AbstractA review of literature on the role of fomites in transmission of coronaviruses informed the development of a framework which was used to qualitatively analyse a cricket case study, where equipment is shared and passed around, and identify potential mitigation strategies. A range of pathways were identified that might in theory allow coronavirus transmission from an infected person to a non-infected person via communal or personal equipment fomites or both. Eighteen percent of potential fomite based interactions were found to be non-essential to play including all contact with another persons equipment. Six opportunities to interrupt the transmission pathway were identified, including the recommendation to screen participants for symptoms prior to play. Social distancing between participants and avoiding unnecessary surface contact provides two opportunities; firstly to avoid equipment exposure to infected respiratory droplets and secondly to avoid uninfected participants touching potential fomites. Hand sanitisation and equipment sanitisation provide two further opportunities by directly inactivating coronavirus. Preventing players from touching their mucosal membranes with their hands represents the sixth potential interruption. Whilst potential fomite transmission pathways were identified, evidence suggests that viral load will be substantially reduced during surface transfer. Mitigation strategies could further reduce potential fomites, suggesting that by comparison, direct airborne transmission presents the greater risk in cricket.

A compendium of evidence related to ‘social distancing’measure in view of the spread of COVID-19 pandemic

Healthline ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Anuradha Shah ◽  
Kunal Shah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Influenza Pandemics ◽  
Health Measures

With no definitive treatment in place to date for the COVID-19 pandemic, reliance on public health measures is of utmost importance. Social distancing requires maintaining a physical distance of at least one meter between people and reducing the number of times people come into close contact with each other. Modeling evidence from past influenza pandemics and current experiences with COVID-19 indicates the role of SD in delaying the spread of the virus by reducing the probability that uninfected person will come into physical contact with an infected person.

scholarly journals Update on COVID-19 Infection and Ivermectin Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Konne Felix Eedee ◽  
Emeji Roseline
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Ivermectin Treatment ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause disease in mammals and birds. COVID-19 infection is caused by a single stranded RNA virus called SARS-CoV-2 that is similar to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The aim of this review is to identify how COVID-19 infects man, the preventive approach and treatment possibility with ivermectin drug. The possible main source of transmission is thought to be a close contact with infected person or animal and respiratory droplets while the mucous membrane; conjunctiva, mouth, nasal cavity, and throat are the main routes of transmission. The virus enters the human through the ACE2 receptor which are found in the mucous membrane. This is an important step for coronavirus infection establishment. To stay safe from coronavirus, physical distancing, wearing of face mask, keeping rooms well ventilated, avoiding crowds, cleaning/washing your hands, the use of hand sanitizers and coughing into a bent elbow are precautionary measures to avoid contracting the infection. Ivemectin blocks the initiation of the binding of the viral protein to the cytoplasmic receptor (imp α/β). The inhibitory role of ivemectin prevents further increase in the viral load. Ivermectin drug could be a remarkable medical breakthrough for the lasting treatment of the infection; however, more clinical trials are suggested in this area.

scholarly journals Airborne transmission of COVID-19 and the role of face mask to prevent it: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Eligibility Assessment ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Abstract Background and aims Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), belonging to the Coronaviridae family, is agent of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, in early December 2019 and is now considered a pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the airborne transmission of COVID-19 and the role of face mask to prevent it. Methods A systematic search for English-language literature was done via PUBMED/Medline and Google Scholar up to October 2020. There was two search strategy; for airborne transmission and the role of face mask for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Based on a fixed and random effects model, the RR and 95% CI were used to evaluate the combined risk. This meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) Guidelines. Results After eligibility assessment, four articles with a total of 7688 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The result of this meta-analysis has shown significant reduction in infection with face mask use; the pooled RR (95%CI) was 0.12 [0.06, 0.27] (P < 0.001). Conclusion In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that there is association between face mask use and reduction of COVID-19. However, COVID-19 spreads primarily with contact routes and respiratory droplets, but its transmissibility has many mysteries yet and there is controversy about airborne transmission of COVID-19.

Designing Better Exposure Notification Apps: The Role of Persuasive Design (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiemute Oyibo ◽  
Plinio Pelegrini Morita
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Motivational Design ◽  
The Government

UNSTRUCTURED Digital contact tracing apps have been deployed worldwide to limit the spread of COVID-19 during this pandemic and to facilitate the lifting of public health restrictions. However, the apps are yet to be widely adopted and require a critical mass of users to be successful. Privacy concerns aside, the minimalist and non-motivational design of the contact tracing apps have been identified as key factors that contribute to low uptake. Using the Government of Canada’s exposure notification app, COVID Alert, as a case study, we demonstrated how incorporating persuasive features in contract tracing apps may improve uptake, usage, reporting diagnosis, and compliance with social distancing guidelines.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Approach to Diagnosing and Managing a Case of Peritoneal Mesothelioma

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
Jonathan Maw ◽  
Geoffrey Kelly ◽  
Miriam Enriquez ◽  
Ronak Gor ◽  
Pauline Germain
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Peritoneal Mesothelioma ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma ◽  
History Of

Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare cause of a peritoneal mass in adults and can occur in malignant or benign forms. Compared to the pleural variant of mesothelioma, the peritoneal form is understudied due to the small number of reported cases. We present a case of an 84-year-old male with a history of asbestos exposure who initially presented for an aggravated hernia, was found to have an incidental mass on imaging, and ultimately was diagnosed with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM)1 likely related to prior asbestos exposure. This case study will provide a review of literature and discuss the role of imaging for MPM.

scholarly journals Building community at distance: a datathon during COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Fritz ◽  
Ian Milligan ◽  
Nick Ruest ◽  
Jimmy Lin
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Practical Recommendation ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Building Community

Purpose This paper aims to use the experience of an in-person event that was forced to go virtual in the wake of COVID-19 as an entryway into a discussion on the broader implications around transitioning events online. It gives both practical recommendation to event organizers as well as broader reflections on the role of digital libraries during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Design/methodology/approach The authors draw on their personal experiences with the datathon, as well as a comprehensive review of literature. The authors provide a candid assessment of what approaches worked and which ones did not. Findings A series of best practices are provided, including factors for assessing whether an event can be run online; the mixture of synchronous versus asynchronous content; and important technical questions around delivery. Focusing on a detailed case study of the shift of the physical team-building exercise, the authors note how cloud-based platforms were able to successfully assemble teams and jumpstart online collaboration. The existing decision to use cloud-based infrastructure facilitated the event’s transition as well. The authors use these examples to provide some broader insights on meaningful content delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originality/value Moving an event online during a novel pandemic is part of a broader shift within the digital libraries’ community. This paper thus provides a useful professional resource for others exploring this shift, as well as those exploring new program delivery in the post-pandemic period (both due to an emphasis on climate reduction as well as reduced travel budgets in a potential period of financial austerity).

scholarly journals Role of adjuvant radiotherapy in metaplastic matrix producing breast cancer: A case study with review of literature

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
NiloyR Datta ◽  
Piyush Kumar ◽  
Tanu Agarwal ◽  
Narendra Krishnani ◽  
Shalini Singh
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Radiotherapy ◽  
Review Of Literature

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers despite the use of surgical masks and physical distancing - the role of airborne transmission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotem Goldberg ◽  
Yoel Levinsky ◽  
Nufar marcus ◽  
Vered Hoffer ◽  
Michal Gafner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Respiratory Droplets ◽  
First Time

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted mainly via respiratory droplets. A key question in COVID-19 pandemic is whether it could be transmitted via airborne route as well. We report for the first time SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial infections, despite using surgical masks and physical distancing. It may provide a possible evidence for airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

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