Recent Advances in Catalytic Nonenzymatic Kinetic Resolution of Tertiary Alcohols

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Ding ◽  
Qilin Xue ◽  
Shihu Jia ◽  
Hong-Gang Cheng ◽  
Qianghui Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Kinetic Resolution ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Metal Catalysis ◽  
Tertiary Alcohols ◽  
Chiral Compounds ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Pure Compounds

The kinetic resolution (KR) of racemates is one of the most widely used approaches to access enantiomerically pure compounds. Over the past two decades, catalytic nonenzymatic KR has gained popularity in the field of asymmetric synthesis due to the rapid development of chiral catalysts and ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Chiral tertiary alcohols are prevalent in a variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and biologically active chiral compounds. The catalytic nonenzymatic KR of racemic tertiary alcohols is a straightforward strategy to access enantioenriched tertiary alcohols. This short review describes recent advances in catalytic nonenzymatic KR of tertiary alcohols, including organocatalysis and metal catalysis.

scholarly journals Altering the Stereoselectivity of Whole-Cell Biotransformations via the Physicochemical Parameters Impacting the Processes

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Raczyńska ◽  
Joanna Jadczyk ◽  
Małgorzata Brzezińska-Rodak
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Enantiomerically Pure ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Chiral Compounds ◽  
Physicochemical Factors ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Prochiral Ketones ◽  
Optically Pure

The enantioselective synthesis of organic compounds is one of the great challenges in organic synthetic chemistry due to its importance for the acquisition of biologically active derivatives, e.g., pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and others. This is why biological systems are increasingly applied as tools for chiral compounds synthesis or modification. The use of whole cells of “wild-type” microorganisms is one possible approach, especially as some methods allow improving the conversion degrees and controlling the stereoselectivity of the reaction without the need to introduce changes at the genetic level. Simple manipulation of the culture conditions, the form of a biocatalyst, or the appropriate composition of the biotransformation medium makes it possible to obtain optically pure products in a cheap, safe, and environmentally friendly manner. This review contains selected examples of the influence of physicochemical factors on the stereochemistry of the biocatalytic preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds, which is undertaken through kinetically controlled separation of their racemic mixtures or reduction of prochiral ketones and has an effect on the final enantiomeric purity and enantioselectivity of the reaction.

scholarly journals Recent advances in the asymmetric phosphoric acid-catalyzed synthesis of axially chiral compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 2729-2764
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Gashaw Woldegiorgis ◽  
Xufeng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Chiral Compounds ◽  
Chiral Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Axially Chiral ◽  
Acid Catalyzed

In recent years, the synthesis of axially chiral compounds has received considerable attention due to their extensive application as biologically active compounds in medicinal chemistry and as chiral ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Chiral phosphoric acids are recognized as efficient organocatalysts for a variety of enantioselective transformations. In this review, we summarize the recent development of chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed synthesis of a wide range of axially chiral biaryls, heterobiaryls, vinylarenes, N-arylamines, spiranes, and allenes with high efficiency and excellent stereoselectivity.

scholarly journals Current applications of kinetic resolution in the asymmetric synthesis of substituted pyrrolidines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sian Stephanie Berry ◽  
Simon Jones
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Synthesis ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Kinetic Resolution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Enantiomerically Pure ◽  
Pure Compounds

Chiral substituted pyrrolidines are key elements in various biologically active molecules and are therefore valuable synthetic targets. One traditional method to enantiomerically pure compounds is the application of kinetic resolution....

Transition-metal-catalyzed nucleophilic dearomatization of electron-deficient heteroarenes

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Jia ◽  
Fangdong Hu ◽  
Ying Xia
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Transition Metal Catalysis ◽  
Powerful Method ◽  
Metal Catalysis ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Transition Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

Transition-metal-catalyzed nucleophilic dearomatization of electron-deficient heteroarenes, such as pyridines, quinolines, isoquinolines and nitroindoles, has become a powerful method for the access of unsaturated heterocycles in recent decades. This short review summarizes nucleophilic dearomatization of electron-deficient heteroarenes with carbon- and heteroatom-based nucleophiles via transition-metal catalysis. A great number of functionalized heterocycles were obtained in this transformation. Importantly, many of these reactions were carried out in an enantioselective manner by means of asymmetric catalysis, providing a unique method for the construction of enantioenriched heterocycles. 1 Introduction 2 Transition-metal-catalyzed nucleophilic dearomatization of heteroarenes via alkynylation 3 Transition-metal-catalyzed nucleophilic dearomatization of heteroarenes via arylation 4 Transition-metal-catalyzed nucleophilic dearomatization of heteroarenes with other nucleophiles 5 Transition-metal-catalyzed nucleophilic dearomatization with nucleophiles formed in situ 6 Conclusion and outlook

Transition Metal-Catalyzed Enantioselective α-Arylation of Carbonyl Compounds to Give Tertiary Stereocenters

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Orlandi ◽  
Margarita Escudero-Casao ◽  
Giulia Licini
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Transition Metal Catalysis ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Metal Catalysis ◽  
Quaternary Stereocenters ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

Enantioenriched α-aryl carbonyl compounds are ubiquitous in natural products and biologically active compounds. Their synthesis has been explored over the last few decades and several methods now exist that allow for the enantioselective formation of a C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond in α-position to a carbonyl group. However, although the formation of quaternary stereocenters has been fairly well established, the enantioselective formation of tertiary stereocenters proved more challenging due to facile product post-reaction racemization. In this short review, we summarize the methods reported so far for the asymmetric α-arylation of enolates and analogues that rely on transition metal catalysis.

scholarly journals Organocatalytic atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral styrenes

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Cai Zheng ◽  
San Wu ◽  
Qinghai Zhou ◽  
Lung Wa Chung ◽  
Liu Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Addition Reaction ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Chiral Compounds ◽  
Axially Chiral ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Styrene Derivatives

Abstract Axially chiral compounds are widespread in biologically active compounds and are useful chiral ligands or organocatalysts in asymmetric catalysis. It is well-known that styrenes are one of the most abundant and principal feedstocks and thus represent excellent prospective building blocks for chemical synthesis. Driven by the development of atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral styrene derivatives, we discovered herein the asymmetric organocatalytic approach via direct Michael addition reaction of substituted diones/ketone esters/malononitrile to alkynals. The axially chiral styrene compounds were produced with good chemical yields, enantioselectivities and almost complete E/Z-selectivities through a secondary amine-catalysed iminium activation strategy under mild conditions. Such structural motifs are important precursors for further transformations into biologically active compounds and synthetic useful intermediates and may have potential applications in asymmetric synthesis as olefin ligands or organocatalysts.

Recent Progress and Applications of Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones and Imines through Dynamic Kinetic Resolution

Synthesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (01) ◽  
pp. 30-50
Author(s):  
Phannarath Phansavath ◽  
Virginie Ratovelomanana-Vidal ◽  
Ricardo Molina Betancourt ◽  
Pierre-Georges Echeverria ◽  
Tahar Ayad
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Kinetic Resolution ◽  
Asymmetric Hydrogenation ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Transfer Hydrogenation ◽  
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Keto Esters ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

AbstractBased on the ever-increasing demand for enantiomerically pure compounds, the development of efficient, atom-economical, and sustainable methods to produce chiral alcohols and amines is a major concern. Homogeneous asymmetric catalysis with transition-metal complexes including asymmetric hydrogenation (AH) and transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones and imines through dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) allowing the construction of up to three stereogenic centers is the main focus of the present short review, emphasizing the development of new catalytic systems combined to new classes of substrates and their applications as well.1 Introduction2 Asymmetric Hydrogenation via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution2.1 α-Substituted Ketones2.2 α-Substituted β-Keto Esters and Amides2.3 α-Substituted Esters2.4 Imine Derivatives3 Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution3.1 α-Substituted Ketones3.2 α-Substituted β-Keto Esters, Amides, and Sulfonamides3.3 α,β-Disubstituted Cyclic Ketones3.4 β-Substituted Ketones3.5 Imine Derivatives4. Conclusion

Catalytic, Enantioselective Diamination of Alkenes

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Denmark ◽  
Zhong-Lin Tao
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Synthesis ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Vicinal Diamines

AbstractEnantioselective diamination of alkenes represents one of the most straightforward methods to access enantioenriched, vicinal diamines, which are not only frequently encountered in biologically active compounds, but also have broad applications in asymmetric synthesis. Although the analogous dihydroxylation of olefins is well-established, the development of enantioselective olefin diamination lags far behind. Nevertheless, several successful methods have been developed that operate by different reaction mechanisms, including a cycloaddition pathway, a two-electron redox pathway, and a radical pathway. This short review summarizes recent advances and identifies limitations, with the aim of inspiring further developments in this area.1 Introduction2 Cycloaddition Pathway3 Two-Electron Redox Pathway3.1 Pd(0)/Pd(II) Diamination3.2 Pd(II)/Pd(IV) Diamination3.3 I(I)/I(III) Diamination3.4 Se(II)/Se(IV) Diamination4 One-Electron Radical Pathway4.1 Cu-Catalyzed Diamination4.2 Fe-Catalyzed Diamination5 Summary and Outlook

scholarly journals Access to enantioenriched compounds bearing challenging tetrasubstituted stereocenters via kinetic resolution of auxiliary adjacent alcohols

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengtong Niu ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Weici Xu ◽  
Prasanta Ray Bagdi ◽  
Guoxiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Kinetic Resolution ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Chiral Molecules ◽  
Chiral Catalysts ◽  
Tertiary Alcohols ◽  
Hydroxy Ketones ◽  
Epoxy Ketones ◽  
Current Stage

AbstractContemporary asymmetric catalysis faces huge challenges when prochiral substrates bear electronically and sterically unbiased substituents and when substrates show low reactivities. One of the inherent limitations of chiral catalysts and ligands is their incapability in recognizing prochiral substrates bearing similar groups. This has rendered many enantiopure substances bearing several similar substituents inaccessible. Here we report the rationale, scope, and applications of the strategy of kinetic resolution of auxiliary adjacent alcohols (KRA*) that can be used to solve the above troubles. Using this method, a large variety of optically enriched tertiary alcohols, epoxides, esters, ketones, hydroxy ketones, epoxy ketones, β-ketoesters, and tetrasubstituted methane analogs with two, three, and four spatially and electronically similar groups can be readily obtained (totally 96 examples). At the current stage, the strategy serves as the optimal solution that can complement the inability caused by direct asymmetric catalysis in getting chiral molecules with challenging fully substituted stereocenters.

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