Establishment of Rindera graeca transgenic root culture as a source of shikonin derivatives

Background: Flavonoid-derived components have been studied for their therapeutic properties. Objectives: Apigenin has shown remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features, so we should have a reliable source of apigenin. Methods: In this study, we used high-performance liquid chromatography method to compare the amount of apigenin in flower, root, leaf, and stem of three varieties of osmos bipinnatus, i.e., ‘Dazzler,’ ‘Xanthos,’ ‘Sensation Pinkie’, and in transgenic root culture of C. bipinnatus ‘Dazzler’. Besides, the antioxidant activity of C. bipinnatus ‘Dazzler’ transgenic root culture was evaluated using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. Results: Dazzler variety flowers showed the highest recovery of apigenin with 0.799 mg/100 mg Dry Weight (DW). However, the Sensation pinkie variety leafs had the lowest recovery with 0.089 mg/100mg. Apigenin content in transformed roots (0.797 mg/100 mg DW) of C. bipinnatus ‘Dazzler’ was significantly higher than non-transformed roots (0.42 mg/100 mg DW). The ethanolic extract of hairy root showed the FRAP value of 668.1 µM Fe2+/mg that was comparatively more than the wild root FRAP value (426.2 µM Fe2+/mg). Conclusion: In conclusion, the presence of apigenin in high amounts in hairy root cultures of C. bipinnatus ‘Dazzler’ indicates its great potential for the future pharmaceutical industry.

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Shikonin derivatives from the roots of Onosma nigricaule (Boraginaceae)

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0030-1264454 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 76 (12) ◽

Author(s):

U Özgen ◽

G Bulut ◽

C Kazaz ◽

H Seçen

Keyword(s):

Shikonin Derivatives

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Advances and Perspectives in Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering of Cannabis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5671

Author(s):

Mohsen Hesami ◽

Austin Baiton ◽

Milad Alizadeh ◽

Marco Pepe ◽

Davoud Torkamaneh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Regeneration ◽

Genetic Engineering ◽

Suspension Culture ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Hairy Root ◽

Root Culture ◽

Hairy Root Culture ◽

Gene Transformation ◽

Secondary Metabolite Production ◽

Metabolite Production

For a long time, Cannabis sativa has been used for therapeutic and industrial purposes. Due to its increasing demand in medicine, recreation, and industry, there is a dire need to apply new biotechnological tools to introduce new genotypes with desirable traits and enhanced secondary metabolite production. Micropropagation, conservation, cell suspension culture, hairy root culture, polyploidy manipulation, and Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation have been studied and used in cannabis. However, some obstacles such as the low rate of transgenic plant regeneration and low efficiency of secondary metabolite production in hairy root culture and cell suspension culture have restricted the application of these approaches in cannabis. In the current review, in vitro culture and genetic engineering methods in cannabis along with other promising techniques such as morphogenic genes, new computational approaches, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), CRISPR/Cas9-equipped Agrobacterium-mediated genome editing, and hairy root culture, that can help improve gene transformation and plant regeneration, as well as enhance secondary metabolite production, have been highlighted and discussed.

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A reliable and efficient protocol for induction of hairy roots in Agastache foeniculum

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-014-0382-8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Elnaz Nourozi ◽

Bahman Hosseini ◽

Abbas Hassani

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Agrobacterium Rhizogenes ◽

Hairy Root ◽

Hairy Roots ◽

High Performance ◽

Root Culture ◽

Hairy Root Culture ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Separate Experiment ◽

Transformed Roots

AbstractHairy root culture system is a valuable tool to study the characteristics of gene expression, gene function, root biology, biochemical properties and biosynthesis pathways of secondary metabolites. In the present study, hairy roots were established in Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) via Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Three strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A4, A7 and 9435), were used for induction of hairy roots in four various explants (hypocotyl, cotyledon, one-month-old leaf and five-month-old leaf) of Anise hyssop. The highest frequency of transformation was achieved using A4 strain in one-month-old leaves (51.1%). The transgenic states of hairy root lines were confirmed by PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) method. High performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the production of rosmarinic acid (RA) in transformed roots of A. foeniculum was almost 4-fold higher than that of the non-transformed roots. In a separate experiment, hairy roots obtained from one-month-old leaves inoculated with A4 strain, were grown in liquid medium and the effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid (0.0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM) and chitosan (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg L−1) (as elicitor) and sucrose (20, 30, 40 and 50 g L−1) on the growth of hairy roots were evaluated. The results showed that, 30 g L−1 sucrose and 100 mg L−1 chitosan increased the biomass of hairy root cultures and application of salicylic acid reduced the growth of hairy roots compared with control roots.

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