Nematodeninfektionen des Respirationstrakts bei Hunden in Deutschland

D. Barutzki

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1623726

Nematodeninfektionen des Respirationstrakts bei Hunden in Deutschland

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K Kleintiere / Heimtiere ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1623726 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (05) ◽

pp. 326-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. Barutzki

Keyword(s):

Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽

Crenosoma Vulpis ◽

Diagnose Und Therapie

ZusammenfassungNeue Arbeiten zum Lungenwurmbefall bei Hunden signalisieren, dass sich das Infektionsrisiko für Hunde in Deutschland in den letzten Jahren möglicherweise erhöht hat. Auswertungen von Kotuntersuchungen zeigen außerdem, dass Angiostrongylus vasorum, Crenosoma vulpis und Eucoleus aerophilus bei Hunden in Deutschland endemisiert sind. Von insgesamt 223 mit A. vasorum infizierten Hunden waren 102 in Baden-Württemberg beheimatet, 65 in Nordrhein-Westfalen, 27 im Saarland, 15 in Bayern, 7 in Rheinland-Pfalz, 5 in Hessen und 2 in Brandenburg. Von 170 C.-vulpis-positiven Hunden lebten 54 in Nordrhein-Westfalen, 40 in Baden-Württemberg, 30 in Bayern, jeweils 17 in Rheinland-Pfalz und im Saarland, 9 in Hessen und jeweils 1 Hund in Niedersachen, Berlin und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Ein Befall mit E. aerophilus wurde bei 83 Hunden festgestellt, von denen 23 aus Baden-Württemberg, 20 aus Nordrhein-Westfalen, 17 aus Bayern, 11 aus Rheinland-Pfalz, 7 aus Hessen, 4 aus dem Saarland und 1 Hund aus Mecklenburg-Vorpommern stammten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Infektionen mit Lungenwürmern bei Hunden in vielen Gebieten in Deutschland etabliert sind. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit sollen die wesentlichen Fakten der Erkrankung zusammengestellt und ein Überblick über Vorkommen und Verbreitung, zur Klinik, Diagnose und Therapie der Lungenwurminfektionen beim Hund gegeben werden.

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Infectivity of gastropod-shed third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis to dogs

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-021-04802-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

William Robbins ◽

Gary Conboy ◽

Spencer Greenwood ◽

Roland Schaper

Keyword(s):

Tap Water ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Romaine Lettuce ◽

Crenosoma Vulpis ◽

Artificial Digestion ◽

Third Stage ◽

Limax Maximus

Abstract Background Metastrongyloid parasites Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infect wild and domestic canids and are important pathogens in dogs. Recent studies indicate that gastropod intermediate hosts infected with various metastrongyloids spontaneously shed infective third-stage larvae (L3) into the environment via feces and mucus under laboratory conditions. Shed L3 retain motility up to 120 days, but whether they retain infectivity was unknown. Methods To assess the infectivity of shed L3, the heart/lungs of six red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were obtained from trappers in Newfoundland, Canada. Lungs were examined for first-stage larvae (L1) by the Baermann technique. A high number of viable A. vasorum L1 and a low number of C. vulpis L1 were recovered from one fox; these were used to infect naïve laboratory-raised Limax maximus. L3 recovered from slugs by artificial digestion were fed to two naïve purpose-bred research beagles (100 L3/dog). L1 shed by these two dogs was used to infect 546 L. maximus (2000–10,000 L1/slug). L3 shedding was induced by anesthetizing slugs in soda water and transferring them into warm (45 °C) tap water for at least 8 h. Shed L3 recovered from slugs were aliquoted on romaine lettuce in six-well tissue culture plates (80–500 L3/well) and stored at 16 °C/75% relative humidity. Four naïve research beagles were then exposed to 100 L3/dog from larvae stored for 0, 2, 4, or 8 weeks, respectively, after shedding. Results All four dogs began shedding C. vulpis L1 by 26–36 days post-infection (PI). All four dogs began shedding A. vasorum L1 by 50 days PI. Conclusions L3 infectivity for the definitive host was retained in both metastrongyloids, indicating the potential for natural infection in dogs through exposure from environmental contamination. As an additional exposure route, eating or licking plant or other material(s) contaminated with metastrongyloid L3 could dramatically increase the number of dogs at risk of infection from these parasites. Graphic Abstract

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Prevalence of Angiostrongylus vasorum, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Crenosoma vulpis larvae in native slug populations in Germany

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.03.011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 254 ◽

pp. 120-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M.K. Lange ◽

F. Penagos-Tabares ◽

J. Hirzmann ◽

K. Failing ◽

R. Schaper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽

Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽

Crenosoma Vulpis

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Detection of Crenosoma spp., Angiostrongylus vasorum and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in Gastropods in Eastern Austria

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9121046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1046 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hans-Peter Fuehrer ◽

Simone Morelli ◽

Julian Bleicher ◽

Thomas Brauchart ◽

Mirjam Edler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Sequence Analysis ◽

Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽

Crenosoma Vulpis ◽

Arion Vulgaris ◽

Eastern Austria ◽

Limax Maximus

Canine and feline cardiorespiratory parasites are of utmost relevance in veterinary medicine. Key epizootiological information on major pet metastrongyloids, i.e., Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infecting dogs, and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Troglostrongylus brevior infecting cats, is missing from Austria. This study investigated their occurrence in 1320 gastropods collected in the Austrian provinces of Styria, Burgenland, Lower Austria, and in metropolitan Vienna. Metastrongyloid larvae were microscopically detected in 25 samples, and sequence analysis confirmed the presence of metastrongyloids in nine samples, i.e., A. vasorum in one slug (Arion vulgaris) (0.07%), C. vulpis in five slugs (one Limax maximus and four A. vulgaris) (0.4%), A. abstrusus in two A. vulgaris (0.17%), and the hedgehog lungworm Crenosoma striatum was detected in one A. vulgaris. The present study confirms the enzooticity of major cardiorespiratory nematodes in Austria and that canine and feline populations are at risk of infection.

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Increased prevalence and geographic spread of the cardiopulmonary nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum in fox populations in Great Britain

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182015000463 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 142 (9) ◽

pp. 1190-1195 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

C. S. TAYLOR ◽

R. GARCIA GATO ◽

J. LEARMOUNT ◽

N. A. AZIZ ◽

C. MONTGOMERY ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

Pulmonary Circulation ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽

Previous Survey ◽

Confidence Bounds ◽

Crenosoma Vulpis ◽

Geographic Spread ◽

Microscopic Inspection ◽

Diagnostic Technologies

SUMMARYThe nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum is becoming more widely recorded globally, and is of increasing concern as a cause of disease in dogs. Apparent geographic spread is difficult to confirm due to a lack of standardized disease recording systems, increasing awareness among veterinary clinicians, and recent improvements in diagnostic technologies. This study examines the hypothesis that A. vasorum has spread in recent years by repeating the methods of a previous survey of the fox population. The hearts and lungs of 442 foxes from across Great Britain were collected and examined by dissection and flushing of the pulmonary circulation and microscopic inspection of tracheal scrapes. Sampling and parasite extraction methods were identical to an earlier survey in 2005 to ensure comparability. Prevalence of A. vasorum was 18·3% (exact binomial confidence bounds 14·9–22·3), compared with 7·3% previously (5·3–9·9, n = 546), and had increased significantly in most regions, e.g. 7·4% in the Northern UK (previously zero) and 50·8% in the south-east (previously 23·2%). Other nematodes identified were Crenosoma vulpis (prevalence 10·8%, CI 8·1–14·2) and Eucoleus aerophilus (31·6%, CI 27·3–36·2). These data support the proposal that A. vasorum has increased in prevalence and has spread geographically in Great Britain.

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GIS-based environmental analysis of fox and canine lungworm distribution: an epidemiological study of Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis in red foxes from Slovakia

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-017-5728-z ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 117 (2) ◽

pp. 521-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Viktória Čabanová ◽

Martina Miterpáková ◽

Michal Druga ◽

Zuzana Hurníková ◽

Daniela Valentová

Keyword(s):

Epidemiological Study ◽

Environmental Analysis ◽

Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Crenosoma Vulpis

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Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Newfoundland, Canada

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z03-211 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 66-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Rebecca A Jeffery ◽

Murray W Lankester ◽

Mike J McGrath ◽

Hugh G Whitney

Keyword(s):

Vulpes Vulpes ◽

Pulmonary Arteries ◽

Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Crenosoma Vulpis ◽

Host Sex ◽

Winter Temperatures ◽

The Right ◽

Apparent Association ◽

Dual Infections

Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infect the pulmonary arteries and airways, respectively, of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Both are widespread in Europe, but within North America, A. vasorum occurs only on the island of Newfoundland. During 2000–2002, 366 red fox carcasses were examined from six regions of Newfoundland for the purpose of determining the distribution of both parasites, effects on the condition of their host, and whether infection with one affects that of the other. Crenosoma vulpis occurred island-wide with a prevalence of 87% and mean (±SE) intensity of 230 ± 20.8. Young-of-the-year red foxes had more C. vulpis (260 ± 39.4) than yearlings (91 ± 31.2) or adults (78 ± 41.1) (χ2 = 25.72, df = 2, p < 0.001), and numbers of adult worm were weakly related to fecal output of first-stage larvae (r2 = 0.20, p < 0.001) but not to host sex or body-fat index. Angiostrongylus vasorum occurred only in southeast Newfoundland where prevalence was 56% and mean intensity was 72 ± 7.6. Its distribution may be limited by cold, as it was absent from areas with mean winter temperatures below –4 °C. Intensity of adult A. vasorum was not related to host age, sex, larval output, or measures of body condition. Although referred to as a heartworm, 88% of adult worms were actually found in the pulmonary arteries rather than in the right ventricle. Furthermore, there was no apparent association between infections with the two parasites (Gc[1] = 0.10) even though 40% of red foxes had dual infections.

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