Effect of the Oestrus Cycle on Coxofemoral Joint Laxity

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Smith ◽  
M. G. Conzemius ◽  
H. M. Saunders ◽  
C. M. Hill ◽  
T. P. Gregor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Hip Dysplasia ◽  
Joint Laxity ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Oestrus Cycle ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
A Prospective Study

SummaryA few investigations in the 1960’s were performed to document the effect of exogenous oestrogens on development of hip dysplasia. These projects concluded that oestrogen administration caused a significant increase in hip dysplasia. Additionally, the Orthopaedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) has recommended that bitches should not have hip evaluation for certification during oestrus, due to the possibility of increased coxofemoral joint laxity. The purpose of this project was to determine if physiological fluctuations of oestrogen and progesterone throughout the oestrus cycle significantly affected coxofemoral joint laxity. Nine bitches were evaluated through a single oestrus cycle. Although significant fluctuations of oestrogen and progesterone occurred throughout the phases of the oestrus cycle, neither statistically nor clinically significant changes in coxofemoral joint laxity were documented.A prospective study documented the effect of fluctuations of hormone levels throughout the oestrus cycle on coxofemoral joint laxity in nine dogs. Although oestrogen and progesterone levels changed significantly throughout the oestrus cycle, neither statistically nor clinically significant changes in hip laxity were observed.

scholarly journals Potential Drug-Drug and Herb-Drug Interactions in Patients With Cancer: A Prospective Study of Medication Surveillance

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e613-e622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Ramos-Esquivel ◽  
Álvaro Víquez-Jaikel ◽  
Cristina Fernández
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Anticancer Therapy ◽  
Herbal Supplement ◽  
Herbal Supplements ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
A Prospective Study

Purpose: Patients with cancer frequently use herbal supplements and concomitant medications along with antineoplastic agents. These patients are at high risk of herb-drug interactions (HDIs) and drug-drug interactions (DDIs). We aimed to determine clinically relevant DDIs and HDIs leading to pharmaceutical intervention. Methods: Patients starting a new anticancer therapy were asked to complete a questionnaire to identify concomitant use of any over-the-counter drug or herbal supplement. Potential DDIs and HDIs were identified using two different databases. If a potentially clinically relevant DDI was recognized by the clinical pharmacist, a notification was sent to the prescribing oncologist, who decided whether to carry out a suggested intervention. Regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with clinically relevant DDIs. Results: A total of 149 patients were included in this study, with 36 potentially clinically relevant DDIs identified in 26 patients (17.4%; 95% CI, 11.3% to 23.5%), all of them leading to therapy modifications. In total, four patients (2.7%; 95% CI, 0.1% to 5.3%) had experienced clinical consequences from DDIs at the time of pharmacist notification. Additionally, 84 patients (56.4%; 95% CI, 48.4% to 64.4%) reported using concurrent herbal supplements, and 122 possible HDIs were detected. Concomitant use of two or more drugs was independently associated with high risk of a clinically significant DDI (odds ratio, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.08 to 5.91; P = .03). Conclusion: Potentially clinically relevant DDIs and possible HDIs were frequently detected in this prospective study. A multidisciplinary approach is required to identify and avoid potentially harmful combinations with anticancer therapy.

scholarly journals Primary Circulating Prostate Cells Are Not Detected in Men with Low Grade Small Volume Prostate Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel P. Murray ◽  
Eduardo Reyes ◽  
Cynthia Fuentealba ◽  
Nelson Orellana ◽  
Omar Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Prostate Cells ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Initial Biopsy ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
A Prospective Study

Objective. To determine if primary circulating prostate cells (CPCs) are found in all men with prostate cancer.Methods and Patients. A prospective study, to analyze all men with an elevated PSA between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL undergoing initial biopsy. Primary CPCs were obtained by differential gel centrifugation and detected using standard immunocytochemistry using anti-PSA; positive samples underwent a second process with anti-P504S. A malignant primary CPC was defined as PSA (+) P504S (+) and a test positive if 1 cell/4 mL was detected. Biopsy results were registered as cancer/no-cancer, number of cores positive, and percent infiltration of the cores.Results. 328/1123 (29.2%) of the study population had prostate cancer diagnosed on initial biopsy, and 42/328 (12.8%) were negative for primary CPCs. CPC negative men were significantly older, and had lower PSA levels, lower Gleason scores, and fewer positive cores and with infiltration by the cancer. 38/42 (91%) of CPC negative men complied with the criteria for active surveillance in comparison with 34/286 (12%) of CPC positive men.Conclusions. Using primary CPC detection as a sequential test to select men with an elevated PSA for biopsy, the risk of missing clinically significant prostate cancer is minimal when the patient is primary CPC negative; less than 0.5% of all primary CPC negative men had a clinically significant prostate cancer.

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