Parallel Determinations of FDP and Fibrin Monomers with Various Methods

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 268-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Hedner ◽  
I. M Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Multiple Fractures ◽  
Immunochemical Method ◽  
Protamine Sulphate ◽  
Precipitation Test ◽  
Gelation Test

SummaryThe following tests were performed in 305 persons with one or other of the following conditions: malignant disease, postoperative complications, sepsis or multiple fractures, liver disease, pregnancy, the puerperium, renal disease, dysproteinaemia and different blood disorders : 1. fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) with Niléhn’s immunochemical method; 2. the thrombin time; 3. the Reptilase time; 4. the ethanol gelation test; 5. the protamine sulphate precipitation test. It was found that a prolonged thrombin time or Reptilase time in a given case was not necessarily a sign of the presence of FDP. Thus, neither determination of the thrombin time nor of the Reptilase time can substitute for specific determination of FDP. A positive ethanol gelation test was found in only 5 out of 17 patients with a low platelet count, low P & P test, low factor V, low fibrinogen and clinical signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation such as shock, disturbance of the periphery circulation, oliguria or anuria. No association was found between a positive ethanol gelation test and the presence of FDP. The protamine sulphate precipitation test was positive in only one of the 305 patients.

Marathon Run I: Effects on Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 444-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Mandalaki ◽  
A Dessypris ◽  
C Louizou ◽  
I Bossinakou ◽  
C Panayotopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Protamine Sulphate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Euglobulin Lysis Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coagulation And Fibrinolysis ◽  
Gelation Test

SummaryBlood coagulation and fibrinolysis were assessed in 13 Finnish amateur runners aged 31 to 48, and one 65-year old taking part in a non-competitive marathon (42.2 km). After the run the mean values of partial thromboplastin time showed a very significant shortening, whereas the mean values of the prothrombin time and of plasma fibrinogen were not significantly altered. The mean values of euglobulin lysis time were significantly shorter and the mean values of fibrin degradation products increased highly significantly. After the run, protamine sulphate was positive or strongly positive in all subjects, whereas the ethanol gelation test was negative in all runners; no cryofibrinogen was detected in any participant. Thus, running a marathon race affects the haemostatic balance and activates the fibrinolytic mechanism. The effects of training and physical fitness on the above parameters are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect on Blood Coagulation of Massive Intravascular Haemolysis

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. MANNUCCI ◽  
G. F. LOBINA ◽  
L. CAOCCI ◽  
N. DIOGUARDI
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Cell Destruction ◽  
Hemolytic Crisis ◽  
Fava Beans ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Antihemophilic Factor

Abstract This study was carried out on twenty-eight Sardinian subjects undergoing massive intravascular hemolysis after ingestion or inhalation of fava beans. The patients were all deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase but otherwise hematologically normal when investigated after the acute hemolytic episode. Prothrombin time, thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were found to be shortened in the days following the hemolytic crisis. Marked increase of factor VIII (antihemophilic factor) and fibrinogen was also observed, together with a less pronounced rise of factor V. The other clotting factors were within the normal range, and fibrinogen degradation products were not present in serum. The observed rise was found to be generally proportional to the degree of red cell destruction. Progressive normalization of the abnormal parameters followed the recovery from acute hemolysis. These observations are discussed in relation to previous findings and to the occurrence of intravascular coagulation following massive red cell destruction.

A Quantitative Thrombin Time for Determining Levels of Hirudin and Hirulog™

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (04) ◽  
pp. 608-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Reid ◽  
Barbara M Alving
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Recombinant Hirudin ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Human Thrombin

SummaryThe anticoagulant effect of recombinant hirudin (rHir) and HirulogTM has been monitored in patients with the activated partial thromboplastin time. Accurate monitoring with this test cannot be achieved if plasmas contain heparin, lupus anticoagulants, low concentrations of fibrinogen or other factors, or elevated fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products (FDP). We have therefore developed a simple, rapid, sensitive clot-based method, the quantitative thrombin time (QTT), to measure levels of rHir and HirulogTM in patient plasma (or whole blood). The QTT is performed by mixing a 1:10 dilution of patient plasma (50 μl) with human fibrinogen (50 μl, 128 mg/dl) at 37° C; the clotting time is initiated by adding human thrombin (50 μl, 5-7.5 U/ml). The concentration of HirulogTM or rHir in plasma can be determined by comparing the QTT in patient plasma with a Standard curve that is generated by adding different concentrations of anticoagulant to pooled normal plasma. Studies with whole blood using the same procedure yield similar results. In the absence of HirulogTM or rHir, the baseline QTT is the same in normal and abnormal plasmas (fibrinogen <150 mg/dl and FDP as high as 1024 μg/ml, elevated FDP alone, lupus anticoagulant, or heparin <0.9 U/ml). When known concentrations of either rHir or HirulogTM are added to abnormal plasmas, the mean observed concentrations as determined by the QTT deviate from the expected values by less than 10% (range 0-19%). The data indicate that the QTT is a simple, rapid, and accurate test for the determination of levels of rHir and HirulogTM in plasma or whole blood.

A Rapid Method for the Semiquantitative Determination of Fibrinogen and Fibrinogen Degradation Products (FDP) in Defibrination Syndrome

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 555-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Sas ◽  
J Jákó ◽  
J Domán ◽  
C László ◽  
J Pádár
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Fibrinogen Degradation Products ◽  
Linear Plot ◽  
Fibrinogen Content

Summary1. It was found that effects of deliberate changes in fibrinogen concentration and in the amount of FDP added to the experimental system (containing pure fibrinogen solution and saline- or serumdiluted plasma) could be approximated with satisfactory accuracy by a linear plot of the logarithm of clotting times versus the inverse of fibrinogen concentration.By increasing FDP activity the slope of the obtained lines becomes proportionately steeper. The constants, which interrelate clotting time, fibrinogen concentration and FDP activity, are to be derived experimentally. The obtained formula is expressed also nomographically.2. Apart from the presence of some very rare anticoagulants, an elongation of thrombin time observed under strictly specified conditions points to a substantial reduction of fibrinogen concentration and/or an interplay of fibrinogen degradation products.If a definite amount of fibrinogen (Fibrinogen sec. Warner Chilcott) is admixed to a pathological plasma, thrombin time in the latter will decrease in a specifiable manner. By entering the original and corrected thrombin time values in the reported nomogram the fibrinogen content and FDP activity of the pathological plasma can be calculated.3. The described procedure for fibrinogen and FDP assay is suitable first of all in acute defibrination syndrome and at the thrombolytic therapy. Its agreement with the results obtained by immunodiffusion was satisfactory as regards the fibrinogen in plasmas of different fibrinogen concentration.

INTRA-ARTERIAL UROKINASE INFUSION IN ACUTE ARTERIAL OCCLUSION OF THE LIMBS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Martínez-Brotóns ◽  
A Calderón ◽  
M A Cairols ◽  
C Reynaldo ◽  
J M Capdevila
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Occlusion Time ◽  
Acute Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Time Ratio

20 patients with acute arterial occlusion of the limbs have been treated with a continuous urokinase (UK) infusion through an intra-arterial catheter placed as close as possible to the occlusion. A loading dose of 4400 IU/Kg was given over a period of 15 minutes. Subsequently an infusion of 4400 IU/Kg per hour was administered during the following 12 hours. Blood samples were drawn pre- and post-therapy to see the state of coagulation and fibrinolysis, including α2-antiplasmin (α2-AP), plasminogen (PLG) (chromogenic methods) and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) (Merskey) determinations.RESULTS: There was a mild decrease of the plasma fibrinogen level from 306 ± 75 mg/lOOml previous to treatment to 195 ± 64 mg/lOOml post UK infusion and the FDP raised up to 330 ± 274 μg/ml. After terminating the UK infusion, Thrombin time ratio was 1.8 ± 0.5 and Reptilase time ratio was 2.0 ± 0.9. α2-AP activity was near 0 % in all cases and PLG fell to 33.7 ± 14.4 % of its initial concentration. Factor V activity was 63.6±19.9 %. In two out of three patients with severe ischaemia amputation was avoided. 17 patients suffered a less severe limb ischaemia. When the estimated occlusion time was less than 7 days a 60 % of complete lysis and a 20 % of partial lysis was obtained. In occlusions of more than a week the figures were 14 % and 28 % respectively. Bleeding around the insertion site of the catheter or local hematoma occurred in 5 cases.We conclude that intra-arterial infusion of UK in acute arterial ischaemia of the limbs is an effective treatment in occlusions of less than 7 days. According to our previous experience the bleeding risk seems to be less than during systemic or local streptokinase therapy.(All data are expressed as mean ± SD.)

A STUDY OF THE EARLY HAEMOSTATIC CHANGES FOLLOWING RUSSELL'S VIPER BITE IN HUMANS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Than Than ◽  
Khin Ei Han ◽  
Hutton RA ◽  
Mvint Lwin ◽  
Tin Nu Swe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Coagulation Factor Deficiency ◽  
Russell’S Viper

Amongst its many actions, Russell's viper (RV) venom activates factors X and V and enhances fibrinolysis, leading to defibrination which contributes to the clinical sequelae of RV bite. Early administration of antivenom may be life-saving, but not all of those bitten become sufficiently envenomed to require treatment. In an attempt to predict at an early stage those subjects who will progress to defibrination, we have serially monitored the haemostatic changes in 20 bite victims using the PT, APTT, thrombin time, platelet count, assays for factors X and V and fibrinogen and fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP).In five patients, no evidence of defibrination was seen at any time and none of these developed obvious clinical symptoms. In a further six subjects, slight prolongation of the PT (16-21/14s), APTT (39-51/38s) and thrombin time (16-25/14s) occurred concomitantly with a moderate fall in factor X (20-80%), factor V (30-66%) and fibrinogen (0.6-2.Og/1), but FDP never exceeded 40ug/ml. In the remaining nine subjects who all eventually defibrinated completely, moderate coagulation factor deficiency and thrombocytopenia developed as early as 1-2h after bite. The most pronounced and consistent changes were a rise in FDP to above 80ug/ml (80-640ug/ml) and a fall in factor V (2-50%), these results being obtained on admission, 1-12h after bite. We conclude that an FDP level of 80ug/ml or more is highly suggestive of impending defibrination and could be regarded as a criterion for commencing antivenom therapy.

Is Quantitative Determination of Fibrin(ogen) Degradation Products and Thrombin-Antithrombin III Complexes Useful to Diagnose Deep Venous Thrombosis in Outpatients?

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (04) ◽  
pp. 1043-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F M M van Bergen ◽  
Eduard A R Knot ◽  
Jan J C Jonker ◽  
Auke C de Boer ◽  
Moniek P M de Maat
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Impedance Plethysmography ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products

SummaryWe studied the diagnostic value of recently introduced ELISA’s for the determination of thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complexes, fibrin degradation products (FbDP), fibrinogen degradation products (FgDP) and total degradation products (TDP) for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in plasma of 239 consecutive outpatients, suspected for DVT by their family doctor. DVT was confirmed by impedance plethysmography in 60 patients. Using the 95th percentile range of 42 healthy volunteers the sensitivity for the detection of DVT was: 37% for TAT, 95% for TDP, 92% for FbDP and 90% for FgDP. Specificity was: 88% for TAT, 16% for TDP, 20% for FbDP and 25% for FgDP.We conclude that these assays are of little value in the diagnosis of DVT in outpatients.

The Measurement of Heparin

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. E Denson ◽  
John Bonnar
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Fibrinogen Degradation Products ◽  
Low Levels

SummaryA method for the measurement of heparin utilising the potentiating effect of heparin on the action of anti-factor Xa is described. The effect on the assay of platelet contamination of plasma, the presence of fibrinogen degradation products and low levels of anti-factor Xa have been studied. The assay method has been compared with the calcium thrombin time method and a group of obstetrical patients have been studied using both methods.

On the Early Detection of Intravascular Coagulation

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 365-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Fedder ◽  
Elisabeth M. Prakke ◽  
J Vreeken
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Gelation Test

SummarySince the conception of intravascular coagulation has been introduced in clinical medicine, the interest of clinicians in the early detection of this syndrome is continuously increasing. Therefore small amounts of thrombin and thromboplastin were infused into rabbits and special parameters, such as presence of an activated form of factor V and occurrence of a positive fibrin monomer test, were checked. As it turned out, activation of factor V (proaccelerin, accelerator globulin or AcG) was an earlier sign of intravascular coagulation than the appearance of a positive gelation test, which may occur without changes in fibrinogen or the number of blood platelets. These experiments could be of value for the early detection of intravascular coagulation in man.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Factor Xa Generation in Factor IX Concentrates

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S Pepper ◽  
D Banhegyi ◽  
Ann Howie
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Factor ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Multiple Sample ◽  
Recording Spectrophotometer

SummaryPrevious work from this department, concerned with testing the potential thrombogenicity of therapeutic factor IX concentrates, demonstrated that following recalcification of factor IX concentrates thrombin was generated within 3-30 minutes of incubation (Sas et al. 1975). The test developed (known as the TGt 50 test) is a two-stage assay and was thus found to be time consuming, tedious and tended to become inaccurate with long incubation periods and a large number of samples. A semiautomatic version of the test is reported in which the synthetic peptide Bz-ILE-GLU-GLY-ARG-pNA (S-2222) is added to recalcified, diluted factor IX concentrate in the micro-cuvette of a multiple sample recording spectrophotometer. Information can be obtained on (a) the amount of Xa (if any) present prior to recalcification (b) the initial amount of Xa formed and (c) the time taken to activate all factor X to Xa. Direct graphical interpretation shows a number of qualitative differences between commercial preparations, but by either of the criteria (b) or (c) above, it is possible to place the different products into “activated” and “non activated” groups such that both the Xa generation times and TGt 50 tests identify the same two groups of products. This agreement also indicates that the TGt 50 test is independent of the intrinsic factor V levels in the various concentrates.

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