scholarly journals Sudden Cardiac and Noncardiac Death in Sports: Epidemiology, Causes, Pathogenesis, and Prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (08) ◽  
pp. 780-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Favaloro ◽  
Fabian Sanchis-Gomar ◽  
Giuseppe Lippi
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Risk Of Rupture ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Death Cases

AbstractAlthough few doubts remain that physical exercise should be widely promoted for maintenance of health and fitness, the risk of adverse events such as sudden death (especially due to cardiac causes, i.e., sudden cardiac death [SCD]) during exercise remains tangible. The overall risk of sudden death in athletes is relatively low (i.e., usually comprised between 0.1 and 38/100,000 person-years), and globally comparable to that of the general population. However, up to 20% of all sudden death cases are still recorded while exercising. The most frequent underlying disorders encountered in SCD are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease (CAD), representing three quarters of all conditions. The risk related to CAD increases with aging (>35 years old), while that attributable to cardiomyopathies or fatal arrhythmias is especially frequent among young people (<35 years old). Taken together, these findings would lead to the conclusion that physical exercise may be seen as an acute trigger of myocardial ischemia or arrhythmias in some predisposed individuals. Nonetheless, the prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis seems to be higher in athletes than in sedentary subjects with comparable risk profile. On the contrary, coronary plaques in physically active subjects appear more stable, thereby attenuating the risk of rupture and subsequent myocardial ischemia. These findings, along with evidence of a considerable increase of peak coronary blood flow during exercise, make it very likely that an imbalance between oxygen demand and supply may be the most frequent cause of myocardial ischemia in athletes suffering SCD and/or cardiac arrest. Therefore, all subjects who wish to practice moderate- to high-intensity exercise are recommended to undergo preparticipation screening and annual follow-up.

Coronary artery patch augmentation for congenital left coronary ostial stenosis in Williams syndrome

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Ostium ◽  
Coronary Ostial Stenosis ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Left coronary ostial stenosis, which is associated with sudden death, occasionally occurs in individuals with Williams syndrome. However, surgical methods that provide reliable long-term revascularization remain unknown among infants and young children with coronary ostial stenosis. We describe the case of an 18-month-old boy with Williams syndrome who presented with cardiogenic shock due to left coronary ostial stenosis. We performed patch augmentation of the left coronary ostium using glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium. At the last follow-up, the patient was well without any adverse events or myocardial ischemia.

scholarly journals Cardiac conduction system- A detailed study in 46 cases of sudden death

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 709-716
Author(s):  
LM Ilias ◽  
MR Pai ◽  
S Shukla ◽  
A Ponniah ◽  
K Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Cardiac Conduction System ◽  
Medical College ◽  
System A ◽  
Coronary Lesions ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Death Cases

Background: Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is the modern pandemic and is said to be responsible for a major chunk of sudden cardiac deaths. However, in few cases; especially among the young, conduction system abnormalities were found to be the cause of death with absence of significant coronary lesions. These days, examination of the cardiac conduction system during autopsy has been abandoned as it is said to be a time consuming process. The present study was undertaken to highlight the importance of examining the cardiac conduction system in all sudden death cases.Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective one, conducted from June 2007 to June 2009 in the department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. Forty six hearts of persons who died suddenly were studied.Results: Our study showed that even though atherosclerotic coronary lesions were the most common cause of sudden death, cardiac conduction defects also contributed to a significant number of cases; especially in the young. In our study of 46 cases; 6 cases showed only conduction system abnormalities. These were young adults who had died suddenly. The predominant lesion identified in them was fibromuscular dysplasia of the nodal arteries.Conclusion: A detailed examination of the coronaries and the cardiac conduction system should be made mandatory in all sudden death cases, especially in the young as they will help to throw some light into the cause of death.Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2015) Vol. 5, 709-716

scholarly journals Role of Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride to detect early myocardial ischemia in sudden death cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Alpesh Bambhaniya ◽  
Mehul Upadhyay ◽  
Mahesh Trangadia ◽  
Rahul Mehta ◽  
B Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Death Cases

Myocardial ischemia during physical exercise in patients with stable coronary artery disease: predictability and prevention

2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Hauer ◽  
Josef Niebauer ◽  
Claus Weiss ◽  
Christian Marburger ◽  
Rainer Hambrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Artery Disease

Gender differences in depressive symptoms and self-esteem in different physical activity categories among older adults

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Päivi Lampinen ◽  
Riitta-Liisa Heikkinen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Older Men And Women ◽  
Item Scale

The purpose of this prospective study, which is part of the Finnish Evergreen project, was to study depressive symptoms and positive self-esteem in different physical activity categories among men and women aged 65 and over during an eight-year period. Only subjects (N=663) who participated in both the baseline (1988) and the follow-up (1996) interviews were selected for the analyses. Depressive symptoms and positive self-esteem were assessed using a modified version of Beck’s 13-item scale (RBDI; Raitasalo, 1995). The intensity of physical activity was assessed on a seven-point scale ranging from the performance of necessary chores only to competitive sports. In addition, lifelong physical exercise was assessed by two questions. Number of chronic diseases and marital status were obtained from the participants themselves. Gender, lifelong physical exercise, intensity of physical activity and chronic diseases were associated with depressive symptoms and self-esteem. Physically active men and women and lifelong exercisers reported fewer depressive symptoms than their sedentary counterparts both at baseline and follow-up. The self-esteem scores were fairly similar among both sexes in the different categories of physical activity in both study years. The most active women had higher self-esteem scores than the more sedentary ones. Based upon these results, physical activity and lifelong physical exercise may prevent depressive symptoms and maintain positive self-esteem in older age. Positive measures should therefore be taken to support regular physical activity among older men and women.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease in Young Sudden Death Cases and Correlation with Post-Mortem Computed Tomography Calcium Score

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Effat Omar ◽  
R. Faizuddin ◽  
Mansharan Kaur Chaincel Singh ◽  
Razuin Rahimi ◽  
Mohd Shah Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Death Cases

Introduction: Data on prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) in young sudden death autopsy cases in Malaysia are still scarce. Calcium scoring (CS) on Computed Tomography (CT) was suggested to be predictive for CAD; however the reports have been conflicting. Objectives: to investigate (i) the prevalence of young CAD in sudden death cases in a Malaysian population; (ii) the association between CT CS and CAD in such cases and correlation with age. Methods: Sudden death cases received at the National Institute of Forensic Medicine, Kuala Lumpur between September 2012 and December 2013 were recruited. The cases were divided into young [≤40] and old [>40 years old] age groups. Presence of CAD was recorded during autopsy. Results: A total of 155 cases was included; 64.5% of the subjects were below 40 years old. CAD was the cause of death of 34 [21.9%] cases; of these, young individuals comprise 47.1% of cases [n=16; 10.3% of total cases, 16% of young sudden death cases]. Both young and old subjects with CAD had lower CS compared to those without CAD [p<0.000; p=0.003 respectively]. Multivariable regression analysis showed CS to be significantly correlated with CAD in both young and old subjects. In contrast, other factors such as gender, ethnicity, body-mass index and waist-hip ratio did not show any correlation with CAD in both groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of CAD in young sudden death cases is

Mid-term outcome after endovascular therapy in the superficial femoral and popliteal artery using long stents

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schoenefeld ◽  
P. Donas ◽  
Schönefeld ◽  
Osada ◽  
Austermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Primary Patency ◽  
Stent Fracture ◽  
Fracture Rate ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Technical Success Rate ◽  
Endovascular Interventions ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affecting the femoropopliteal artery is treated by endovascular interventions [2, 5, 13] increasingly. Aim of the study was to evaluate mid-term efficacy and patency of long stents in the superficial femoral and popliteal artery. Patients and methods: Between September 2006 and September 2007 103 patients received 128 stents for endovascular treatment of femoropopliteal vascular stenosis or occlusion. Clinical and hemodynamic parameters were collected. Risk factors, popliteal involvement and TASC classification, were documented and evaluated. Results: Immediate outcome was satisfactory with a technical success rate of 100 %. After a mean follow-up period of 21 months, primary patency was 83.6 %. Potential risk factor analysis for restenosis and fracture demonstrated hypertension to have borderline significance (P = 0.06). In normotensive patients no restenosis occurred. Further pre-conditions, e.g. smoking, metabolic syndrome, age, gender and previous intervention did not show any influence on restenosis or stent fracture. TASC C and D lesion had similar patency rates compared to TASC A and B lesions. Most of the restenoses (13 out of 16) were observed within the first six months of follow-up. Six stent fracture were observed (4.7 %). Conclusions: Long stents had convincing results after endovascular treatment of the femoropopliteal PAD. The used stent was an efficacious endovascular tool for long athersclerotic lesions in the superficial femoral and popliteal artery. Fracture rate was low with an incidence of 4.7 %. Most restenoses occurred within the first six months so that careful follow-up would be necessary.

Anticonvulsant Use Elevated In Sudden Death Cases

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
MITCHEL L. ZOLER
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Death Cases
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