scholarly journals Stem Cells for Extreme Prematurity

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (S 02) ◽  
pp. S68-S73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Thébaud
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Phase I Clinical Trials ◽  
Extreme Prematurity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neonatal Lung ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Neonatal Lung Injury

AbstractRegenerative medicine is a bourgeoning field promising to repair damaged organs and thus has created high hopes in neonatology to curb some of the complications due to extreme preterm birth. Extensive laboratory investigations over the past 15 years have tried to harness the regenerative potential of a variety of (stem) cell-based therapies. Most preclinical studies have focused on experimental neonatal lung and brain injury. These promising results lead to the initiation of phase I clinical trials for chronic lung disease of prematurity and severe intraventricular hemorrhage, two of the most devastating complications of extreme preterm birth. Despite this relative rapid clinical translation, major gaps persist in our understanding of the biology of these putative repair cells and our ability to predict the quality and thus the efficacy of the cell product. This review will provide a brief overview of the various cell-based therapies that have been investigated in experimental neonatal lung injury and the remaining challenges in utilizing these new, disruptive therapies to their full extend to realize the promise of regenerative medicine in neonatology.

RADIATION PROTECTION IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOGRAPHY OF CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Herman Grossman ◽  
Donald H. Altman ◽  
David H. Baker ◽  
John L. Gwinn ◽  
John A. Kirkpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Pediatric Radiologist ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
General Philosophy ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Diagnostic Radiography

As is readily apparent, the problem of reducing radiation exposure to the pediatric patient encompasses many areas. In the past, more attention has been devoted to the concrete aspects such as refined radiographic equipment and gonadal shielding. Less attention has been devoted to the abstract aspects which involve the general philosophy and disposition of the referring physician and his radiologic consultant. In this regard, it cannot be overstated that close communication with the radiologist is mandatory. The (pediatric) radiologist is constantly aware of the aspects of radiation safety and utilizes this information when he obtains radiographic examinations. There is a tendency to treat radiographic examinations in the same context as clinical and chemical laboratory investigations. Perhaps this attitude stems from the fact that radiographs are often ordered at the same time as these laboratory tests. Such an orientation is dangerous, and it behooves the referring physician and the radiologist to work in cooperation to remedy this situation. Indeed, it is simple to improve radiographic equipment and not too difficult to shield the child; but, it is difficult to formulate a proper attitude regarding radiographic examinations and their potential hazard to the pediatric population. The Committee on Radiology plans to prepare additional recommendations on radiographic examinations to provide more detailed and technical information which should be helpful to pediatricians and other physicians providing care for children.

Sphingosine kinase 1 regulates lysyl oxidase through STAT3 in hyperoxia-mediated neonatal lung injury

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2020-216469
Author(s):  
Alison W Ha ◽  
Tao Bai ◽  
David L Ebenezer ◽  
Tanvi Sethi ◽  
Tara Sudhadevi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Lysyl Oxidase ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase 1 ◽  
Neonatal Lung ◽  
Neonatal Lung Injury

IntroductionNeonatal lung injury as a consequence of hyperoxia (HO) therapy and ventilator care contribute to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Increased expression and activity of lysyl oxidase (LOX), a key enzyme that cross-links collagen, was associated with increased sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) in human BPD. We, therefore, examined closely the link between LOX and SPHK1 in BPD.MethodThe enzyme expression of SPHK1 and LOX were assessed in lung tissues of human BPD using immunohistochemistry and quantified (Halo). In vivo studies were based on Sphk1−/− and matched wild type (WT) neonatal mice exposed to HO while treated with PF543, an inhibitor of SPHK1. In vitro mechanistic studies used human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs).ResultsBoth SPHK1 and LOX expressions were increased in lungs of patients with BPD. Tracheal aspirates from patients with BPD had increased LOX, correlating with sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels. HO-induced increase of LOX in lungs were attenuated in both Sphk1−/− and PF543-treated WT mice, accompanied by reduced collagen staining (sirius red). PF543 reduced LOX activity in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and supernatant of HLMVECs following HO. In silico analysis revealed STAT3 as a potential transcriptional regulator of LOX. In HLMVECs, following HO, ChIP assay confirmed increased STAT3 binding to LOX promoter. SPHK1 inhibition reduced phosphorylation of STAT3. Antibody to S1P and siRNA against SPNS2, S1P receptor 1 (S1P1) and STAT3 reduced LOX expression.ConclusionHO-induced SPHK1/S1P signalling axis plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation of LOX expression via SPNS2, S1P1 and STAT3 in lung endothelium.

scholarly journals IL-6/STAT3/miR-34a protects against neonatal lung injury patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 4355-4361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huajun Liu ◽  
Wenbin Liu ◽  
Xueqing Tang ◽  
Taisen Wang ◽  
Xianlin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Neonatal Lung ◽  
Neonatal Lung Injury

scholarly journals Curcumin augments lung maturation, preventing neonatal lung injury by inhibiting TGF-β signaling

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (5) ◽  
pp. L721-L730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiko Sakurai ◽  
Yishi Li ◽  
John S. Torday ◽  
Virender K. Rehan
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Injury Repair ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein ◽  
Neonatal Lung ◽  
Neonatal Lung Injury ◽  
Pthrp Receptor

There is no effective intervention to prevent or treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Curcumin has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and it modulates signaling of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), an important molecule in the pathobiology of BPD. However, its role in the prevention of BPD is not known. We determined 1) if curcumin enhances neonatal lung maturation, 2) if curcumin protects against hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury, and 3) if this protection is mediated by blocking TGF-β. Embryonic day 19 fetal rat lung fibroblasts were exposed to 21% or 95% O2 for 24 h following 1 h of treatment with curcumin. Curcumin dose dependently accelerated e19 fibroblast differentiation [increased parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) receptor, PPARγ, and adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP) levels and triolein uptake] and proliferation (increased thymidine incorporation). Pretreatment with curcumin blocked the hyperoxia-induced decrease (PPARγ and ADRP) and increase (α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin) in markers of lung injury/repair, as well as the activation of TGF-β signaling. In a separate set of experiments, neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat pups were exposed to 21% or 95% O2 for 7 days with or without intraperitoneal administration of curcumin. Analysis for markers of lung injury/repair [PTHrP receptor, PPARγ, ADRP, fibronectin, TGF-β receptor (activin receptor-like kinase 5), and Smad3] and lung morphology (radial alveolar count) demonstrated that curcumin effectively blocks TGF-β activation and hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Therefore, curcumin accelerates lung maturation by stimulating key alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and prevents hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury, possibly by blocking TGF-β activation, suggesting that it is a potential intervention against BPD.

Cartilage Scales Embedded in Fibrin Gel

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Kovacevic ◽  
Frank Riedel ◽  
Jochen Wurm ◽  
Gregor Bran
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Fibrin Gel ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dorsal Nasal Augmentation ◽  
Diced Cartilage ◽  
Nasal Augmentation

Multiple techniques have been described for dorsal nasal augmentation in rhinoplasty. In this article, we review common surgical techniques for raising the dorsum or eliminating dorsal irregularities, by highlighting inherent advantages and disadvantages of each method. Within the past few years, the use of diced cartilage grafts has become the workhorse in this field of interest. To overcome drawbacks of methods based on diced cartilage, we present a new concept for autologous augmentation, using regenerative medicine protocols. A mix of cartilage scales with cartilage pâté was embedded in platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). Since December 2015, a total of 48 patients were treated with this technique. Based on our preliminary results, cartilage scales in PRF appear to be a promising and reliable alternative to existing procedures for dorsal nasal augmentation.

Intramuscular Progesterone for the Prevention of Recurrent Preterm Birth

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Emily A. Oliver ◽  
Amanda Roman-Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate ◽  
History Of

Women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth have an increased risk of recurrent preterm birth. In this randomized placebo-controlled trial funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, patients between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation with a history of spontaneous preterm birth were administered intramuscular 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P) or placebo, weekly until 36 weeks of gestation. Treatment with 17P significantly reduced the rate of preterm birth (36.3% vs. 54.9%, p <0.001). Rates of necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and need for supplemental oxygen were all significantly decreased in the 17P group. In women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth, weekly 17P decreases the rate of recurrent preterm birth.

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