Supra-scapular foramen in Indian dry scapulae

Abstract Background and aims : Supra-scapular notch is roofed by superior transverse scapular ligament and converted into a foramen which provides passage for suprascapular nerve. When it is completely ossified that time it manifest as supra-scapular foramen in dry scapulae. Variations of superior transverse scapular ligament include calcification, partial or complete ossification and multiple bands. Presence of this foramen in dry scapulae is considered to be rare. Aim of the study was to verify the prevalence of supra-scapular foramen in Indian dry scapulae. Materials and methods : A total of three fifty dry scapulae were analyzed (Right- 176, Left-174) to see the presence of supra-scapular foramen. Results : In the present study, suprascapular foramen was present in 25 right and in 12 left sided scapulae i.e., 10.57% incidence which is alarming. Conclusion : Present study demonstrates that suprascapular foramen which is the result of complete ossification of superior transverse scapular ligament, is common in Indian population. The anatomical knowledge of this foramen is of extreme importance for clinicians; it can be a risk factor during surgical explorations involving a suprascapular nerve decompression.

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Morphological and Radiological Study of Ossified Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament as Potential Risk Factor of Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/613601 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Michał Polguj ◽

Marcin Sibiński ◽

Andrzej Grzegorzewski ◽

Michał Waszczykowski ◽

Agata Majos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Suprascapular Nerve ◽

Nerve Entrapment ◽

Potential Risk Factor ◽

Suprascapular Notch ◽

Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment ◽

Suprascapular Foramen ◽

The Right ◽

Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament

The suprascapular notch is covered superiorly by the superior transverse scapular ligament. This region is the most common place of suprascapular nerve entrapment formation. The study was performed on 812 specimens: 86 dry scapulae, 104 formalin-fixed cadaveric shoulders, and 622 computer topography scans of scapulae. In the cases with completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament, the following measurements were performed: proximal and distal width of the bony bridge, middle transverse and vertical diameter of the suprascapular foramen, and area of the suprascapular foramen. An ossified superior transverse scapular ligament was observed more often in men and in the right scapula. The mean age of the subjects with a completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament was found to be similar than in those without ossification. The ossified band-shaped type of superior transverse scapular ligament was more common than the fan-shaped type and reduced the space below the ligament to a significantly greater degree. The ossified band-shaped type should be taken into consideration as a potential risk factor in the formation of suprascapular nerve entrapment. It could explain the comparable frequency of neuropathy in various populations throughout the world despite the significant differences between them in occurrence of ossified superior transverse scapular ligament.

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Topographic Mapping of the Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament: A Cadaver Study to Facilitate Suprascapular Nerve Decompression

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery ◽

10.1097/00006534-200209010-00009 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 774-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Adam B. Weinfeld ◽

Jonathan Cheng ◽

Rahul K. Nath ◽

Ihsan Basaran ◽

Eser Yuksel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suprascapular Nerve ◽

Cadaver Study ◽

Topographic Mapping ◽

Nerve Decompression ◽

Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament

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Topographic Mapping of the Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament: A Cadaver Study to Facilitate Suprascapular Nerve Decompression

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery ◽

10.1097/01.prs.0000019715.93656.22 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 774-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adam B. Weinfeld ◽

Jonathan Cheng ◽

Rahul K. Nath ◽

Ihsan Basaran ◽

Eser Yuksel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suprascapular Nerve ◽

Cadaver Study ◽

Topographic Mapping ◽

Nerve Decompression ◽

Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament

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Editorial Commentary: Suprascapular Nerve Decompression Can Be Effective, But Should You Have the Nerve to Do It?

Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.arthro.2020.12.192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 508-509

Author(s):

Sean J. Meredith ◽

Michael J. Foster ◽

R. Frank Henn

Keyword(s):

Suprascapular Nerve ◽

Nerve Decompression ◽

Editorial Commentary

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Prevalence and Predictors of Undiagnosed Hypertension in an Apparently Healthy Western Indian Population

Advances in Epidemiology ◽

10.1155/2015/649184 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anand N. Shukla ◽

Tarun Madan ◽

Bhavesh M. Thakkar ◽

Meena M. Parmar ◽

Komal H. Shah

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Indian Population ◽

Total Population ◽

Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽

History Of ◽

Major Illness ◽

Apparently Healthy

This epidemiological study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of undetected hypertension in an apparently healthy western Indian population having no history of major illness. 3629 individuals of ≥18 years of age were included in the study. Hypertension (HTN) was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg and prehypertension (PHTN) as SBP ≥ 120–139 mmHg or DBP ≥ 80–89 mmHg, but without HTN. The prevalence of undiagnosed HTN in the total population was 26% and was 11% and 40% in the young (≤40-year) and old (>40-year) populations, respectively. The prevalence of PHTN, 40% in the overall population, was nearly the same in the young (39%) and the old population (42%). The risk factor most strongly associated with PHTN and HTN was obesity, showing the highest odds ratio in the overall (PHTN 2.14; 95% CI 1.20–3.81; HTN 2.72; 95% CI 1.53–4.85), the young (PHTN 2.29; 95% CI 1.25–4.21; HTN 2.92; 95% CI 1.59–5.35), and the old (PHTN 1.13; 95% CI 0.65–1.96; HTN 1.38; 95% CI 0.79–2.4) populations. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases which must not be ignored, especially in the western Indian population.

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Ossification of the superior transverse ligament in a South African scapula: a factor to be considered in the diagnosis of suprascapular nerve entrapment

Journal of Morphological Sciences ◽

10.4322/jms.087415 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (03) ◽

pp. 155-156

Author(s):

O. Azu ◽

D. Ofusori ◽

E. Naidu ◽

J. Naidu

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Suprascapular Nerve ◽

Nerve Entrapment ◽

Clinical Anatomy ◽

Shape Variation ◽

Suprascapular Notch ◽

Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment ◽

Shoulder Region ◽

Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament

Abstract Introduction: Ossification of the superior transverse scapular ligament is one of the factors considered in the classification of the suprascapular notch based on shape. Variation in morphology of the superior transverse scapular ligament is always considered a critical factor in the diagnosis of suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome. Case Report: This study reports the complete ossification of the superior transverse scapular ligament in a South African scapula and a note on its clinical anatomy. Conclusion: This anatomical knowledge is of extreme clinical relevance to surgeons in relation to various syndromes associated with the shoulder region in the South African population.

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Maternal gene polymorphisms of folate metabolism as genetic risk factor for Down syndrome in North Indian population

Molecular Cytogenetics ◽

10.1186/1755-8166-7-s1-p120 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. P120

Author(s):

Sushil Kumar Jaiswal ◽

Ashok Kumar ◽

Vineeta Gupta ◽

Anjali Rani ◽

Amit Kumar Rai

Keyword(s):

Down Syndrome ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Indian Population ◽

Folate Metabolism ◽

Genetic Risk Factor ◽

North Indian Population ◽

Maternal Gene

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The Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament in Fetuses

Anatomy Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/323194 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

José Aderval Aragão ◽

Luiza Neves de Santana Teles ◽

Ana Bárbara de Jesus Chaves ◽

Jéssica Cândida Oliveira Prado ◽

Priscila Soares Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suprascapular Nerve ◽

The Body ◽

Human Fetuses ◽

Suprascapular Notch ◽

Left Half ◽

Optical Instruments ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Length Measurements ◽

Thickness Measurements ◽

Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament

Introduction. The superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) links the margins of the suprascapular notch and converts it into a foramen, through which, the suprascapular nerve and, on some rare occasions, the suprascapular vessels pass. This conversion often results from partial or complete ossification of the STSL and may produce compressive symptoms in the suprascapular nerve. Material and Method. Twenty shoulders from human fetuses were dissected without the aid of optical instruments and, using a digital pachymeter of precision 0.01 millimeters, length measurements and thickness measurements were made. The fetal age was from 21 to 33 weeks of gestation, with a mean of 27.6±4.14 weeks. Results. There was no statistically significant difference in STSL length or any difference in the thicknesses at the medial and lateral extremities between the halves of the body (P≥0.05). However, in the left half of the body, the medial extremity of the STSL was significantly thinner than the lateral extremity (P≤0.05). Conclusion. Anatomical and morphometric details about the STSL were described in human fetuses. These findings, in fetuses, may encourage the pursuit of further studies to understand the morphofunctional role and meaning of this small ligament.

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