scholarly journals Morphometric Analysis of Foramen Magnum for Sex Determination in South Indian Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Radhakrishna S. K. ◽  
Shivarama C. H. ◽  
Ramakrishna A. ◽  
Bhagya B.
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Metric Analysis ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Oval Shape

AbstractIn this study the foramen magnum was analyzed for sex differences using standard osteometric techniques.We analyzed 100 (55 males and 45 females) skulls from the department of Anatomy, Yenepoya Medical College which were in good condition with a record of sex. The cranial base was visually assessed for foramen magnum shape. Morphometry (anteroposterior diameter (APD)& Transverse diameter (TD)) was determined and their differences by gender (p <0.05) were ascertained.Oval shape was the most common followed by round, tetragonal and pentagonal in both sex. The results demonstrated that sexual dimorphism is present in the foramen magnum. APD and TD were higher in male skulls than females (34.04 vs 31.72 and 28.63 vs 26.59).In incomplete skeletons, metric analysis of the foramen magnum may provide a statistically useful indication as to sex of the unknown skull.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Skeletal Craniofacial Asymmetry in South Indian Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Anil Kumar ◽  
Saibel Farishta ◽  
G Baiju ◽  
VK Taneja ◽  
RC Minocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
South India ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Base Area ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Face

ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to assess the skeletal craniofacial asymmetry in South Indian population by a posteroanterior cephalometric radiographic method. The skeletal craniofacial structures on one side of the face were compared with that of the other, by drawing various triangles representing different craniofacial regions. The sample consisted of 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females) aged between 18 to 25 years, who were mainly dental college students from South India. Overall 52 X-rays were obtained, with four errors each in the male and the female groups. The results revealed that the total facial structures in the South Indian population were larger on the left side (statistically insignificant). The cranial base area exhibited a greater degree of asymmetry than any other component area of the face, which might be due to the inaccuracy at the condylar point. How to cite this article Taneja VK, Kumar GA, Farishta S, Minocha RC, Baiju G, Gopal D. An Assessment of Skeletal Craniofacial Asymmetry in South Indian Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):80-84.

scholarly journals Formation of Perioesophageal Plexus Gulae and Anterior and Posterior Vagal Trunks in South Indian Population : A morphological study

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-006
Author(s):  
Amudha Govindarajan
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Medical College ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Autopsy Specimens ◽  
Madras Medical College ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus

Abstract Background and Aim of the study: Vagus the wanderer is the tenth cranial nerve with long extra cranial course. Below the bifurcation of trachea, the right and left vagi form plexus around the oesophagus before they enter the abdomen as anterior and posterior vagal trunks. There are variations in the contribution by the right and left vagi for the formation of oesophageal plexus and according to Chamberlin and Winship there are three different patterns in the formation of peri oesophageal plexus. The present study was aimed to study the formation of perioesophageal plexus, incidence of different patterns of peri oesophageal plexus in south Iudian population and the number of vagal trunks formed from the oesophageal plexus in the lower end of the oesophagus. Materials and Methods : The formation of perioesophageal plexus Gulae was studied in forty four autopsy specimens of oesophagus and stomach and six foetal specimens at Institute of Anatomy, Madras Medical College, Chennai. Results : The formation of perioesophageal plexus and the number of fibres from the right and left vagus nerves which contribute to the plexus formation were studied. There were significant differences in the formation of plexus Gulae. There were variations in the pattern of perioesophageal plexus and the number of vagal trunks arising from the plexus. The results of the present study in South Indian population were compared with the results in the Western population. Conclusions : Awareness regarding the presence of plexus Gulae and number of vagal trunks related to lower end of oesophagus has considerable importance in the surgical repair of hiatus hernia and while treating atrial fibrillation.

scholarly journals Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of Foramen Magnum Dimensions for Sex Determination

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Gokuldas Kamath ◽  
Muhammed Asif ◽  
Radhakrishna Shetty ◽  
Ramakrishna Avadhani
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
South Indian

Purpose. The structural integrity of foramen magnum is usually preserved in fire accidents and explosions due to its resistant nature and secluded anatomical position and this study attempts to determine its sexing potential. Methods. The sagittal and transverse diameters and area of foramen magnum of seventy-two skulls (41 male and 31 female) from south Indian population were measured. The analysis was done using Student’s t-test, linear correlation, histogram, Q-Q plot, and Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) to obtain a model for sex determination. The predicted probabilities of BLR were analysed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Result. BLR analysis and ROC curve revealed that the predictability of the dimensions in sexing the crania was 69.6% for sagittal diameter, 66.4% for transverse diameter, and 70.3% for area of foramen. Conclusion. The sexual dimorphism of foramen magnum dimensions is established. However, due to considerable overlapping of male and female values, it is unwise to singularly rely on the foramen measurements. However, considering the high sex predictability percentage of its dimensions in the present study and the studies preceding it, the foramen measurements can be used to supplement other sexing evidence available so as to precisely ascertain the sex of the skeleton.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FORAMEN MAGNUM IN NORTH INDIAN POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Srivastava ◽  
Medha Das ◽  
Shirin Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Brain Herniation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Large Opening ◽  
Human Skulls

Introduction: Foramen magnum is a large opening located in the occipital bone of the skull. The morphometric analysis of foramen magnum is clinically and surgically important because vital structures passing through it may suffer compression such as in cases of achondroplasia, brain herniation and meningiomas. Objectives: To study morphometric analysis of foramen magnum in dry human skulls and to measure its anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter and foramen magnum index. Material & Methods: 100 dried human skulls of unknown age and sex were obtained from Department of Anatomy, Rama Medical College and GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Deformed samples were excluded. Different parameters were measured with the help of Vernier caliper. Results: The mean antero-posterior diameter of foramen magnum was 33.79mm. The maximum antero-posterior diameter of foramen magnum was 40mm and minimum antero-posterior diameter was 28.2mm.The mean transverse diameter of foramen magnum was 28.30mm.The maximum transverse diameter of foramen magnum was 36mm and minimum transverse diameter was 21.5mm.The mean index of foramen magnum was 84.14mm. Conclusion: The morphometric analysis of foramen magnum and its variation is important not only for anatomists but also important to the anesthetists, neurosurgeons, orthopedicians and radiologists ; while planning and performing cranio-vertebral junction procedures.

scholarly journals Occipital Emissary Foramina in South Indian Modern Human Skulls

ISRN Anatomy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suruchi Singhal ◽  
Roopa Ravindranath
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Medical College ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Cranial Venous Sinuses ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intracranial Infections

An occipital emissary foramen has been traditionally described as a foramen present in the squamous part of the occipital bone at the occipital protuberance transmitting a vein that connects the confluence of sinuses with the occipital vein. The present study was done on 221 South Indian adult modern human skulls of unknown sex in the Department of Anatomy, St John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India. The foramen was observed in 21/221 (9.50%) skulls, 6/21 (28.57%) to the right of, 10/21 (47.61%) to the left of, and 2/21 (9.52%) on the External Occipital Crest. It was seen more often near the posterior margin of foramen magnum rather than at the External Occipital Protuberance as has been traditionally described. A new finding is that bilateral foramina were observed in 3 skulls (14.28%). The incidence was higher than seen in other Indian population. Since it is present near the foramen magnum in most cases, knowledge of the number and position of the foramen is important for suboccipital craniotomies. The extensive connections of the veins with cranial venous sinuses may lead to intracranial infections and vice versa.

scholarly journals Discriminant Function Analysis of Foramen Magnum Variables in South Indian Population: A Study of Computerised Tomographic Images

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
S. P. Vinutha ◽  
V. Suresh ◽  
R. Shubha
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Cranial Ct ◽  
South Indian

Background and Objectives. The foramen magnum as a transition area between skull and spine plays an important role as a landmark, because of its close relationship to vital structures such as the brain and spinal cord. Configuration and size of the foramen magnum play an important role for assessing craniovertebral relations. The objectives of the present study are to find out shape and dimensions of foramen magnum in cranial CT scans. All the variables were evaluated by using discriminant function analysis. Materials and Methods. The study sample comprised 200 CT scans (110 males and 90 females) of south Indian origin. The shapes of the foramen magnum were classified into 8 types: oval, egg, round, tetragonal, pentagonal, hexagonal, irregular (A), and irregular (B). The parameters were noted meticulously and the statistical analysis for sex comparison was made by Student’s t-test and was considered significant whenever P≤0.05. To determine the relationships between the studied parameters, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. Results. The foramen magnum was classified into 8 types based on shape. Commonest was oval and pentagonal was the least common type. The anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter, circumference, and area were significantly greater in males than in females (P<0.001). The mean FM index of male CT scans was 85.01 ± 8.67, whereas in case of female CT scans, it was 83.17 ± 7.78. With all the variables in consideration, overall 65% of cranial CT scans were sexed correctly by using multivariate analysis. Conclusion. Several anatomic parameters such as shape and dimensions of FM should be taken into consideration during surgery involving the craniovertebral junction. Also these can be used during forensic and anthropological investigation of unknown individuals for determining gender, ethnicity, and so on. The multivariate analysis is by far the best method for determination of sex of cranium with available resources.

scholarly journals Regression analysis for estimation of tibial length using dimensions of its distal end - A South Indian population study

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 064-070
Author(s):  
Sarala Devi KV ◽  
Udhaya K.
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Medial Malleolus ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Tibial Length ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Normal Human

Abstract Aim of study: Estimation of length of bone is an important method used to assess stature of an individual in forensic anthropology. Our study is aimed at estimation of length of tibia from the dimensions of its distal end and so an attempt has been made to look into the accuracy of correlation between the length and dimensions of distal end of tibia in south Indian population. Materials and methods: A collection of 270 dried adult normal human tibias of both sexes from the Department of Anatomy, Vinayaka Mission's Kirupanandha Variyar Medical College, Annapoorana Medical College and Vinayaka Mission's Homeopathy Medical College, Salem were included in this study. The length of tibia was measured using osteometric board. Height and width of fibular notch, height and width of medial malleolus, length and width of talar facet were measured using digital Vernier caliper. Statistical analysis was carried out to find out the correlation between the length and dimensions of distal end of tibia. Results : All the parametric variables showed positive correlation with the length of tibia. Regression equations were derived from stepwise analysis with different models. The equations derived showed moderate correlation with relatively low accuracy. Conclusion : These equations may be cautiously used to estimate length of tibia approximately when there are only distal fragments of bone is available for examination.

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