Perforator Flaps - The History of Evolution

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Allen ◽  
C. Heitmann
Keyword(s):  
Perforator Flaps ◽  
History Of Evolution ◽  
History Of

Methodology of institutional analysis and its implication for contemporary framework of Islamic banks

Humanomics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Methodological Error ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
History Of Evolution ◽  
History Of

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the possibility of a methodological error made by the concerned scholars and academics of Islamic finance & economics to understand and study the modern framework of financial institutions, where they intend to practice Islamic law of contract. This error has led them to expect something which the institutional modern framework of banks, adopted by Islamic banks (for e.g.), wasn’t designed to accomplish, hence the disappointment. Design/methodology/approach – This study reviews the literature on history of evolution of banking industry and the corresponding ideological and cultural changes in the European society which drove this evolution; this is followed by a conceptual analysis to identify the institutional components inconsistent with ethos of Islamic norms and ethos. Findings – After review of history and evolution of modern banking framework, in the light of Hollingsworth frame of institutional analysis, it is inferred that the said framework was designed for a secular, liberal and capitalist society to efficiently and effectively enhance freedom and accumulate capital and wealth, without much regard for equitable distribution of wealth and economic justice. These goals are very much in contrast with the normative premise of Islamic Economics, which cannot be efficiently used to achieve the related objective. This indicates that framework of banking was narrowly understood by the concerned scholars and academics, without considering its history of evolution and intended objectives, before adopting for IBs. Practical implications – The disconnect between the Western institutional framework and ethos of Islam implies that the concerned need to look deeper and holistically while adapting Western institutions, so that necessary alteration is done in advance, if such an adoption is inevitable. Originality/value – This study introduces a new dimension for the concerned scholars, academics and practitioners to reanalyze the institutional framework adopted from the West, so that necessary adjustments can be worked out to make the said framework compatible with the ethos of Islamic economics.

Can a Biology Course Rooted in the Tree of Life Overcome Student Misconceptions?

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
John W. Doudna
Keyword(s):  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Student Comprehension ◽  
Student Misconceptions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
History Of Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Course Material ◽  
Biological Concepts ◽  
Biology Curriculum ◽  
Common Misconceptions

Introductory biology for nonmajors provides an opportunity to engage students with the complexity of life. In these courses, instructors also have the opportunity to experiment with course material and delivery, especially with an intent to overcome common misconceptions about biology. Fortunately, frameworks exist that can be integrated into a completely novel classroom framework: the AP biology curriculum and the tree of life. In addition, assessments are available that specifically address common misconceptions. I tested whether such a novel approach, covering the four big ideas in biology equally and structured around an accurate depiction of biodiversity as a branching history of evolution, can improve student comprehension of difficult biological concepts. In the end, I found that students improved significantly in their understanding of biology and were much less likely to have common misconceptions about difficult topics.

Resurgence of an Ancient Idea? A Study on the History of Microfinance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zainuddin ◽  
Ida Md Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Early History ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Simple Idea ◽  
The Poor ◽  
History Of Evolution ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Microfinance revolution, as it was frequently called, did not happen overnight. Microfinance has a long history of evolution, from a simple idea to a global movement, through which it came into the present shape. But much of its history is yet to be written systematically. In fact, there is no historical research so far from the perspective of microfinance. Little is thus known about the early history of some of the oldest forms of lending to the poor. The current study offers a historical look at microfinance and aims at documenting the evolution of modern microfinance institutions. The object of the research is to recognize the historical depth of microfinance and give a picture of how this idea emerged and developed overtime. The study reveals that moneylending to the poor was always in existence in various forms in different periods of time in both developing and developed countries. It has a long history, particularly in Asia but also in Africa and Europe.

The practicability of FIGO 2000 staging for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Y. S. Ngan
Keyword(s):  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Molar Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia ◽  
Multicenter Trials ◽  
History Of Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Scoring ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis

The FIGO 2000 gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) staging and classification has recommended three major changes in the management of GTN. The criteria for diagnosis of GTN following molar pregnancy were defined. The methods used for investigation of spread of the disease were recommended. A major change in the concept of FIGO staging in adding risk scoring to anatomical staging is novel but considered essential to best reflect the behavior of this disease which is different from other solid tumors. The history of evolution of this staging and classification system and practical points in applying this system were discussed. If this system would be used worldwide, it would be a big leap in the management of GTN where results can be compared among different centers and large multicenter trials would be possible.

The Social History of Evolution in Britain

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (2Part1) ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Mark A. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social History ◽  
European Society ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Class System ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of Evolution ◽  
History Of

AbstractIt has come to be common for scientists to study the history of scientific thought. But too often even today, we assume our present theories are "Truth." Scientific histories usually describe intellectual events as either having enhanced or impeded discoveries consistent with modern theory. However, by applying the same standards to Western thought that we apply to non-Western cosmologies, we find that the development of Western worldview closely reflected its own changing social structure. The idea that nature was fixed permanently by God during the creation gave way to the idea of a constantly changing, evolving world-and, at the same time, the fixed class system of European society gave way to an industrialized society characterized by class mobility. This paper will analyze British scientific theories and biohistoric models from the Reformation to Darwin's Origin of Species.

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