scholarly journals Influence of Pacing Strategy on Oxygen Uptake During Treadmill Middle-Distance Running

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Sandals ◽  
D. M. Wood ◽  
S. B. Draper ◽  
D. V. B. James
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Pacing Strategy

scholarly journals VO2 Attained During Treadmill Running: The Influence of a Specialist (400-m or 800-m) Event

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
David V.B. James ◽  
Leigh E. Sandals ◽  
Stephen B. Draper ◽  
Sara Maldonado-Martín ◽  
Dan M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Pacing Strategy

Purpose:Previously it has been observed that, in well-trained 800-m athletes, VO2max is not attained during middle-distance running events on a treadmill, even when a race-type pacing strategy is adopted. Therefore, the authors investigated whether specialization in a particular running distance (400-m or 800-m) influences the VO2 attained during running on a treadmill.Methods:Six 400-m and six 800-m running specialists participated in the study. A 400-m trial and a progressive test to determine VO2max were completed in a counterbalanced order. Oxygen uptakes attained during the 400-m trial were compared to examine the influence of specialist event.Results:A VO2 plateau was observed in all participants for the progressive test, demonstrating the attainment of VO2max. The VO2max values were 56.2 ± 4.7 and 69.3 ± 4.5 mL · kg−1 · min−1 for the 400-m- and 800-m-event specialists, respectively (P = .0003). Durations for the 400-m trial were 55.1 ± 4.2 s and 55.8 ± 2.3 s for the 400-m- and 800-m-event specialists, respectively. The VO2 responses achieved were 93.1% ± 2.0% and 85.7% ± 3.0% VO2max for the 400-m- and 800-m-event specialists, respectively (P = .001).Conclusions:These results demonstrate that specialist running events do appear to influence the percentage of VO2max achieved in the 400-m trial, with the 800-m specialists attaining a lower percentage of VO2max than the 400-m specialists. The 400-m specialists appear to compensate for a lower VO2max by attaining a higher percentage VO2max during a 400-m trial.

scholarly journals Pacing Profiles of Middle-Distance Running World Records in Men and Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12589
Author(s):  
Arturo Casado ◽  
Fernando González-Mohíno ◽  
José María González-Ravé ◽  
Daniel Boullosa
Keyword(s):  
Distance Running ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pacing Strategy ◽  
World Records

The aims of the current study were to compare the pacing patterns of all-time 800 m, 1500 m and mile running world records (WRs) and to determine whether differences exist between sexes, and if 800 m and 1500 m WRs were broken during championship or meet races. Overall and lap times for men and women’s 800 m, 1500 m, and mile WRs from World Athletics were collected when available and subsequently compared. A fast initial 200 m segment and a decrease in speed throughout was found during 800 m WRs. Accordingly, the first 200 m and 400 m were faster than the last 200 m and 400 m, respectively (p < 0.001, 0.77 ≤ ES ≤ 1.86). The first 400 m and 409 m for 1500 m and mile WRs, respectively, were faster than the second lap (p < 0.001, 0.74 ≤ ES ≤ 1.46). The third 400 m lap was slower than the last 300 m lap and 400 m lap for 1500 m and mile WRs, respectively (p < 0.001, 0.48 ≤ ES ≤ 1.09). No relevant sex-based differences in pacing strategy were found in any event. However, the first 409 m lap was faster than the last 400 m lap for men but not for women during mile WRs. Women achieved a greater % of WRs than men during championships (80% vs. 45.83% in the 800 m, and 63.63% vs. 31.58% in the 1500 m, respectively). In conclusion, positive, reverse J-shaped and U-shaped pacing profiles were used to break 800 m, men’s mile and 1500 m, and women’s mile WRs, respectively. WRs are more prone to be broken during championships by women than men.

scholarly journals Pacing strategy in horse racing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Mercier ◽  
Amandine Aftalion
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Horse Racing ◽  
Propulsive Force ◽  
Velocity Data ◽  
Pacing Strategy ◽  
Fixed Distance ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

AbstractThanks to velocity data on races in Chantilly (France), we set a mathematical model which provides the optimal pacing strategy for horses on a fixed distance. It relies on mechanics, energetics (both aerobic and anaerobic) and motor control. We identify the parameters useful for the model from the data. Then it allows to understand the velocity, the oxygen uptake evolution in a race, as well as the energy or the propulsive force and predict the changes in pacing according to the properties (altitude and bending) of the track.

Pacing Strategy During 24-Hour Ultramarathon-Distance Running

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Bossi ◽  
Guilherme G. Matta ◽  
Guillaume Y. Millet ◽  
Pedro Lima ◽  
Leonardo C. Pertence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herd Behavior ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Pacing Strategy ◽  
Performance Group ◽  
General Behavior ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Shaped Pattern

Purpose:To describe pacing strategy in a 24-h running race and its interaction with sex, age group, athletes’ performance group, and race edition.Methods:Data from 398 male and 103 female participants of 5 editions were obtained based on a minimum 19.2-h effective-running cutoff. Mean running speed from each hour was normalized to the 24-h mean speed for analyses.Results:Mean overall performance was 135.6 ± 33.0 km with a mean effective-running time of 22.4 ± 1.3 h. Overall data showed a reverse J-shaped pacing strategy, with a significant reduction in speed from the second-to-last to the last hour. Two-way mixed ANOVAs showed significant interactions between racing time and both athlete performance group (F = 7.01, P < .001, ηp2 = .04) and race edition (F = 3.01, P < .001, ηp2 = .02) but not between racing time and either sex (F = 1.57, P = .058, ηp 2 < .01) or age group (F = 1.25, P = .053, ηp2 = .01). Pearson product–moment correlations showed an inverse moderate association between performance and normalized mean running speed in the first 2 h (r = –.58, P < .001) but not in the last 2 h (r = .03, P = .480).Conclusions:While the general behavior represents a rough reverse J-shaped pattern, the fastest runners start at lower relative intensities and display a more even pacing strategy than slower runners. The “herd behavior” seems to interfere with pacing strategy across editions, but not sex or age group of runners.

scholarly journals Relationship between step rate and oxygen uptake during distance running and cycling

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Masayuki Satake ◽  
Yoichi Maekawa ◽  
Yukitoshi Aoyagi ◽  
Sung Kang Hi ◽  
Haruo Ikegami
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Step Rate

scholarly journals Interaction of exercise bioenergetics with pacing behavior predicts track distance running performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett S. Kirby ◽  
Brad J. Winn ◽  
Brad W. Wilkins ◽  
Andrew M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Critical Speed ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Finite Amount ◽  
Pacing Strategy ◽  
Start Line ◽  
Split Time ◽  
Distance Running Performance

The best possible finishing time for a runner competing in distance track events can be estimated from their critical speed (CS) and the finite amount of energy that can be expended above CS (D'). During tactical races with variable pacing, the runner with the 'best' combination of CS and D' and, therefore, the fastest estimated finishing time prior to the race, does not always win. We hypothesized that final race finishing positions depend on the relationships between the pacing strategy employed, the athletes' initial CS, and their instantaneous D' (i.e., D' balance) as the race unfolds. Using publicly available data from the 2017 IAAF World Championships men's 5,000 m and 10,000 m races, race speed, CS, and D' balance were calculated. The correlation between D' balance and actual finishing positions was non-significant utilizing start-line values but improved to R2 > 0.90 as both races progressed. The D' balance with 400 m remaining was strongly associated with both final 400 m split time and proximity to the winner. Athletes who exhausted their D' were unable to hold pace with the leaders, whereas a high D´ remaining enabled a fast final 400 m and a high finishing position. The D' balance model was able to accurately predict finishing positions in both a 'slow' 5,000 m and a 'fast' 10,000 m race. These results indicate that while CS and D' can characterize an athlete's performance capabilities prior to the start, the pacing strategy that optimizes D' utilization significantly impacts final race outcome.

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