The journey of Deinococcus radiodurans; a perspective

: Deinococcus radiodurans has been recognized for its robustness and recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's toughest known bacterium. In essence, the title comes from its ability to survive extreme conditions such as severe drought (desiccation) and radiation tolerance up to 15000 Gy, which is more than 250 times of E. coli and about 3000 times of humans. Due to its high tolerance to all kinds of genotoxic stress, such as desiccation, UV, X-rays, and oxidants, D. radiodurans is a well-suited model organism for microbial radiation resistance studies. The DNA damage-responsive gene expression is an important component of post-stress recovery where the cell shows a great multiplicity of genomes leading to the highly proficient recombinational DNA repair. This article pitches light on the unique properties of D. radiodurans, unfolding its journey so far as well as important molecular discoveries, prospects, and biotechnological applications.

Omnilingual Aspirations: The Case of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Adopted by the United Nations in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is, according to the Guinness Book of World Records, the most widely translated document. However, versions in 419 languages are not conceived as translations but equivalences, alternate embodiments of identical tenets. The Bible has been rendered into numerous languages, but the Hebrew and Greek originals possess authority that English, Bengali, and Xhosa derivatives do not. The Bible is translated, but the UDHR is, through the theology of international governance, transubstantiated into multiple tongues. No version has priority; each is equally valid, transparent, and interchangeable. The utopian premise is not only that all humans possess inalienable rights but also that all languages express the same principles. The document’s title, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, might seem a solecism, a misplaced modifier. Surely, it is human rights that are universal, not the declaration. However, the UN insists that all versions (at least in the original official languages) are equally binding. It rejects Whorfian notions that particular languages enable particular thoughts and embraces languages as neutral tools whose specific manifestation is irrelevant. Arguments against imprisoning writers in Burma could appeal equally to the authority of either the Universal Declaration of Human Rights or la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme or Всеобщую декларацию прав человека or la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos or 世界人权宣言. Rather than the Babelian myth of an Ur-Sprache before hubris scattered us into mutual unintelligibility, the UDHR endorses a Chomskyan belief that all languages can express the same thoughts. Yet differences among versions of Article 1 (“All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights”) are not trivial; dignity is incommensurable with Würde, αξιοπρέπεια, dignidade, waardigheid, or достоинства. The UDHR is a translingual text shaped by the languages of framers and translators.

The Training Strongly Rhythm of the Race and the Law of Ability and its Effect on some Special Physical Abilities and Biochemical Variables, and the Achievement of 800 and 1500-Meter Runs for Youth

That Contest Ran 800 Meter and 1500 meters of competitions that are characterized by the special speed of the time in the implementation of the stages according to the world Records. This means emphasizing development strength and speed physical abilities and endurance and the speed of competition (Rhythm Competition) through special trainings and this must be the seeker. Use way new related the possibility of identifying new training intensity especially for contestants who run two similar competitions, such as 800 m and 1500 m, according For speed of competition to them, Which is the speed of the median distance that mediates the two comparable competitions, according to scientific planning thought for impact in develop some special physical abilities and complete these two competitions, as the researcher believe that this method didn't use currently and previously in exercises these two competitions. As well as follow-up Results analysis the most ancient times of each contest in a field and my job. This may lead In a direct to improve performance and achievement paramount we building philosophy training special signed manifesto in development racer abilities based on results the rate of competition for each contestant during the race, which is called (race speed or racing rhythm) as strategy to get a good position among the contestants, apply the search to a sample of the Talent Center Sports Centre in Baghdad, and the researcher conducted special speed tests and carry the speed and withstand the speed of the competition and achievement. The special exercises were applied to the sample of the research for 10 weeks and at the rate of 3 units per week, and the researcher produced several important conclusions, including an effective development in the ability to withstand speed and withstand the speed of the race and the development of partial times for each contest as well as the development of achievement.

Pacing Profiles of Middle-Distance Running World Records in Men and Women

The aims of the current study were to compare the pacing patterns of all-time 800 m, 1500 m and mile running world records (WRs) and to determine whether differences exist between sexes, and if 800 m and 1500 m WRs were broken during championship or meet races. Overall and lap times for men and women’s 800 m, 1500 m, and mile WRs from World Athletics were collected when available and subsequently compared. A fast initial 200 m segment and a decrease in speed throughout was found during 800 m WRs. Accordingly, the first 200 m and 400 m were faster than the last 200 m and 400 m, respectively (p < 0.001, 0.77 ≤ ES ≤ 1.86). The first 400 m and 409 m for 1500 m and mile WRs, respectively, were faster than the second lap (p < 0.001, 0.74 ≤ ES ≤ 1.46). The third 400 m lap was slower than the last 300 m lap and 400 m lap for 1500 m and mile WRs, respectively (p < 0.001, 0.48 ≤ ES ≤ 1.09). No relevant sex-based differences in pacing strategy were found in any event. However, the first 409 m lap was faster than the last 400 m lap for men but not for women during mile WRs. Women achieved a greater % of WRs than men during championships (80% vs. 45.83% in the 800 m, and 63.63% vs. 31.58% in the 1500 m, respectively). In conclusion, positive, reverse J-shaped and U-shaped pacing profiles were used to break 800 m, men’s mile and 1500 m, and women’s mile WRs, respectively. WRs are more prone to be broken during championships by women than men.

Paolo Gava, a professional engineer, who has become a Master athlete, an amateur scientist and a lifelong friend

Paolo Gava, (Conegliano, Treviso, September 1, 1946 – Stra, Venezia, Italy, July 19, 2021) was a sustainable resources engineer, who worked in Italy, France and England, leading research programs well before the current international interest in countering global warming. Passionate about Tango, Paolo kept himself in shape for many decades by running or pedaling or roller-skating, after years of training as a semi-professional athlete, competing and winning Italian and European short distance races in the Master classes. Then, Paolo applied his engineering skills to optimize comparisons between the results of the different Classes of Master Athletes, questioning the rules used by Italian and World Master Sports Associations. Friendly discussing during an after-dinner, he shocked us claiming that, in absence of diseases and trauma (Early Aging), the aging decay is a linear process from 30 to 110 years. Under our friendly pressure he was able to publish his first biomedical article, detailing his mathematical approaches and results in a 2015 issue of Experimental Aging Research, titled: Age-associated power decline from running, jumping and throwing male master world records. To honor his other legacies during his last six years of life, we add here further examples of Paolo's scientific studies and his relationships with senior colleagues and young students of sports and aging sciences.

Sports Science and Efforts towards Sub-Two Hour Marathon Performance

Performance in different athletic activities has continued to improve over time, with some athletes from diverse parts of the world registering new world records from time to time. With stiff competition from athletes from different parts of the world, constant upgrading of sports science based approaches to training and competition are employed to achieve more success. However, some approaches used to improve sports performance may pose ethical concerns and may challenge sports as a concept of celebrating natural human abilities. This book chapter interrogates the factors associated with efforts towards improvement of performance in endurance sports events, with a specific focus on marathon races, and the future implications for training, competition, and the nature of sports. While the interplay between nature and nurture determines the unique psychophysiological responses to training and competition, technological exploits leading to advanced sports products coupled with favourable natural and/or manipulated internal (body) and external environmental conditions will ensure continued improvement in performance. However, there is a need to censor commercial interest as well as safeguard safety and the nature of sports as a medium to celebrate natural human abilities.

A Mini Review of the Covid-19, Vaccine Platform and Future Preparedness

Many countries are engaged in making vaccine against COVID-19 as the world records more than 38 million SARS-CoV-2 infections and more than one million deaths. It has prompted nations to close the borders, halted companies, kept people inside their homes, and numerous other measures to prevent their spread. We systematically searched on Google scholar, PubMed, LitCovid, and MedRxiv using the certain search terms for published articles. The infection raging through communities is expected to have evoked some degree of immunity in many asymptomatic and recovered individuals. However, the level of protective immunity and duration of such immunity have not been studied in depth. At the same time, spanning from the conventional whole virus vaccine to recombinant vaccines using Adenovirus vectors and first-of-its kind mRNA vaccines are in human trials. Before the effectiveness and safety of such vaccines are established billions of doses have been produced and stockpiled to save time in production and distribution. Antigenic diversity and the potential role of passive surveillance in COVID-19 regulation are explored in this report.

The Optimal Ambient Conditions for World Record and World Class Performances at the Berlin Marathon

The “Berlin Marathon” is the fastest marathon racecourse in the world and has witnessed 11 world records (WRs; eight in men and three in women). Weather conditions can have an important impact on race time and we therefore examined the influence of environmental conditions (i.e., temperature, sunshine, precipitation, barometric pressure, and cloud cover) on WRs and elite (i.e., winner, top three and top 10 finishers) marathon performances of men and women at the “Berlin Marathon” between 1974 and 2019. Average world record marathon times in men were 2:03:52 ± 0:01:19 h:min:s and 2:25:05 ± 0:08:25 h:min:s in females (p &lt; 0.05). Male competitions were held 44 times (mean winning time: 2:09:48 ± 0:09:15 h:min:s) and female competitions 41 times (mean winning time: 02:30:35 ± 0:19:09 h:min:s; p &lt; 0.05). World record performances were set at mean temperatures of 18.61 ± 2.59°C for men and 13.07 ± 4.01°C for women (p &gt; 0.05). The ideal environmental conditions for world record performances for men were temperatures of 18.61°C (p &gt; 0.05), sunny, mostly dry days, with higher atmospheric pressure and little cloud cover (all p &gt; 0.05). In women, ideal conditions for world records performances were temperatures of 13.07°C (p &gt; 0.05), with low atmospheric pressure (p &gt; 0.05), but significantly more rain (p &lt; 0.05), and with no sunshine (p &lt; 0.05) and cloud cover (p &lt; 0.05). With elite performances, the ideal temperatures were of 17.36 ± 4.33°C for men and 17.93 ± 4.07°C for women (p &gt; 0.05), with little to no rain, and moderate cloud cover and sunshine (p &gt; 0.05). In summary, novel findings are, that environmental conditions in world records performances differ between men and women, with women obtaining world records in bad weather (with rain, cloud cover, and no sunshine) and men in good weather (sunny, mostly dry days, with little cloud cover). Larger sample sizes are needed to examine sex differences and environmental conditions on world record marathon performances.