Visceral Adipose Tissue as an Indicator of Insulin Resistance in Nonobese Patients with New Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Adipose tissue produces pro-inflammatory mediators involved in the atherosclerotic process. We investigated whether 12-month exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease would reduce circulating levels and genetic expression of mediators in the interleukin-18, Caspase-1 and NLR pyrin domain containing 3 pathways. Correlations to glucometabolic variables; fasting glucose, HbA1c, duration of diabetes, insulin, C-peptide, insulin resistance (measured by homeostatic model assessment indexes – insulin resistance) and body mass index at baseline were further assessed. Methods: 137 patients (aged 41–81 years, 17.2% female participants) were included and randomized to a 12-month exercise programme or to a control group. Fasting blood and adipose tissue samples were taken at inclusion and after 12 months. Results: No statistically significant difference in changes of any variable between the intervention and the control group was found. At baseline, a positive correlation between insulin and homeostatic model assessment indexes – insulin resistance, interleukin-18 expression in adipose tissue and an inverse correlation between some glucometabolic variables and leukocyte expression of NLR pyrin domain containing 3 and Caspase-1 were observed. Conclusion: No significant effects of long-term exercise training were observed on the inflammasome-related mediators in our patients with combined coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The observed correlations may indicate a pro-inflammatory state in adipose tissue by overweight and a compensatory downregulation of these mediators in circulating leucocytes.

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Progression from High Insulin Resistance to Type 2 Diabetes Does Not Entail Additional Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0048155 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. e48155 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Nuria Barbarroja ◽

Chary Lopez-Pedrera ◽

Lourdes Garrido-Sanchez ◽

Maria Dolores Mayas ◽

Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽

Tissue Inflammation ◽

High Insulin ◽

Visceral Adipose

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Important role of fat tissue hormones in development of comorbid chronic pancreatitis and obesity

Herald of Pancreatic Club ◽

10.33149/vkp.2017.03.03 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

T. N. Hristich

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Chronic Pancreatitis ◽

Pancreatic Disease ◽

Pancreatic Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose

Aim of this paper is to consider the role of hormones of the adipose tissue in mechanisms of obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus upon chronic pancreatitis. Materials and methods. The literature review indicates the value of visceral fat in the development of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, including atherogenic one, taking into account the possible infiltration of pancreatic tissue by adipocytes. Participation of some adipocytokines of adipose tissue in the development of obesity upon chronic pancreatitis is highlighted. It is shown that in some cases the hormones of visceral adipose tissue, penetrating through the portal vein to the liver and then to the pancreas, aggravated the course of systemic chronic inflammation of the inherent chronic pancreatitis, promote steatosis and development of fatty pancreatic disease. Conclusion. Literary sources indicate the leading role of visceral adipose tissue and its hormones in the formation of obesity in chronic pancreatitis. Due to the infiltration of the pancreatic tissue by adipocytes, lipoidosis and steatosis develop. With the progression of the process type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver or pancreatic disease, or cancer of these orhans. Consequently, there is a need for serious differentiated preventive and curative measures aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis.

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