visceral adipose tissue
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wook Yi ◽  
Keunyoung Kim ◽  
Myungsoo Im ◽  
Soree Ryang ◽  
Eun Heui Kim ◽  
...  

AbstractWe evaluated the associations between metabolic parameters with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume in women with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and we compared the VAT volume with the VAT area. We enrolled women aged > 20 years with prediabetes or T2DM, who underwent oral glucose tolerance test and whose VAT was evaluated using computed tomography (CT) at our institution between 2017 and 2019. All participants underwent unenhanced spiral CT with a 3-mm slice thickness from the level of the diaphragm to the level of the mid-thigh. The two VAT areas were defined as the free drawn area on the levels of the umbilicus and L2 vertebra. The VAT areas were also manually drawn from the level of the diaphragm to the level of the pelvic floor and were used to calculate the VAT volumes by summing all areas with a slice thickness of 3 mm after setting the attenuation values from −45 to −195 Hounsfield Unit. All metabolic characteristics, except blood pressure, were significantly correlated with the VAT volume. The VAT areas measured at the level of the L2 vertebra and umbilicus were correlated with serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and Framingham steatosis index alone. Multivariable regression analyses revealed that the VAT volume was significantly associated with several metabolic parameters. In conclusion, in women with prediabetes and T2DM, the VAT volume acquired from CT-based calculation has more significant correlations with metabolic risk factors compared with the VAT area.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Fernández‐Chirino ◽  
Neftali Eduardo Antonio‐Villa ◽  
Carlos A. Fermín‐Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Márquez‐Salinas ◽  
Enrique C. Guerra ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cianci Rossella ◽  
Franza Laura ◽  
Massaro Maria Grazia ◽  
Borriello Raffaele ◽  
Tota Antonio ◽  
...  

Abstract: Gut microbiota (GM) comprises more than one thousand microorganisms between bacterial species, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and represents the main actor of a wide net of molecular interactions, involving, among others, the endocrine system, immune responses, and metabolism. GM influences many endocrine functions such as adrenal steroidogenesis, thyroid function, sexual hormones, IGF-1 pathway and peptides produced in gastrointestinal system. It is fundamental in glycaemic control and obesity, while also exerting an important function in modulating the immune system and associated inflammatory disease. The result of this crosstalk in gut mucosa is the formation of the intestinal immunological niche. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) produces about 600 different peptides, it is involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and in some immune reactions through several adipokines. GM and VAT interact in a bidirectional fashion: while gut dysbiosis can modify VAT adipokines and hormone secretion, VAT hyperplasia modifies GM composition. Acquired or genetic factors leading to gut dysbiosis or increasing VAT (i.e., Western diet) induce a proinflammatory condition, which plays a pivotal role in the development of dysmetabolic and immunologic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is clearly associated with specific patterns of GM alterations, with an abundance or reduction of GM species involved in controlling mucosal barrier status, glycaemic levels and exerting a pro- or anti-inflammatory activity. All these factors could explain the higher incidence of several inflammatory conditions in Western countries; furthermore, besides the specific alterations observed in diabetes, this paradigm could represent a common pathway acting in many metabolic conditions and could pave the way to a new, interesting therapeutic approach.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Gasparri ◽  
Simone Perna ◽  
Gabriella Peroni ◽  
Antonella Riva ◽  
Giovanna Petrangolini ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose Since obesity is a pathology characterized by a complex variable clinical presentation with comorbidities, multidisciplinary residential program (MRP) represents one of the best options for treating obesity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 8-weeks MRP on weight loss, body composition assessed by DXA and metabolic blood parameters between entry (T0) and discharge (T1). The secondary endpoint was the evaluation of the patients' adherence to diet during the check-up outpatient visits, at 2 (T2), 6 (T3) and 12 (T4) months after discharge. Methods One hundred and seventy-eight subjects were enrolled (61 males and 117 females, aged 58.5±13, BMI 41.3±6). The difference in values ​​(end of hospitalization compared to baseline) was calculated through the univariate GLM procedure, which provides regression analysis and analysis of variance for a variable dependent on one or more variables. Results There was a statistically significant (p<0.001) improvement of all parameters investigated: total mass (-5.68 kg), fat free mass (-1236.03 g), fat mass (-4416.85 g), fat mass index (-1724.56), visceral adipose tissue (-332.76 g), arm circumference (-1.63 cm) and calf circumference (-1.16 cm). The skeletal muscle index was not affected. Statistically significant improvement in glycaemic and lipid profile were reported. The BMI average reduction continued from discharge until T4. No statistically significant changes in fat free mass and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were reported during a year of follow-up. Conclusion The present study demonstrated the clinical benefits of 8-weeks MRP, which includes hypocaloric diet, physical exercise, and psychological support.


Author(s):  
Kisoo Pahk ◽  
Ki-Jin Ryu ◽  
Chanmin Joung ◽  
Hyun Woo Kwon ◽  
Sanghoon Lee ◽  
...  

Obesity contributes to increased cancer incidence and aggressiveness in patients with endometrial cancer. Inflamed metabolic activity of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is regarded as a key underlying mechanism of adverse consequences of obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between inflammatory metabolic activity of VAT evaluated by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and metastatic status of lymph nodes (LN) in patients with endometrial cancer. In total, 161 women with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer, who received preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT, were enrolled. VAT inflammatory metabolic activity was defined as V/S ratio and measured from the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of VAT normalized to the SUVmax of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). The positive LN metastasis group exhibited a significantly higher V/S ratio than the negative LN metastasis group. Systemic inflammatory surrogate markers including high sensitivity C-reactive protein, spleen SUVmax, and bone marrow SUVmax were also higher in the LN metastasis group than in the negative LN metastasis group, showing significant correlations with V/S ratio. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, V/S ratio was independently associated with LN metastasis. V/S ratio is independently associated with the LN metastasis status in patients with endometrial cancer. This finding could be useful as a potential surrogate marker of obesity-induced VAT inflammation associated with tumor aggressiveness.


Pathologica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 113 (06) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Mariavittoria BelottiVescovo ◽  
Ludovica Pesci ◽  
Lucia La Penna ◽  
Emanuela De Santis ◽  
Domenico Di Nardò ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Kuo‐Tzu Sung ◽  
Jen‐Yuan Kuo ◽  
Chun‐Ho Yun ◽  
Yueh‐Hung Lin ◽  
Jui‐Peng Tsai ◽  
...  

Background Visceral adipose tissue is assumed to be an important indicator for insulin resistance and diabetes beyond overweight/obesity. We hypothesized that region‐specific visceral adipose tissue may regulate differential biological effects for new‐onset diabetes regardless of overall obesity. Methods and Results We quantified various visceral adipose tissue measures, including epicardial adipose tissue, paracardial adipose tissue, interatrial fat, periaortic fat, and thoracic aortic adipose tissue in 1039 consecutive asymptomatic participants who underwent multidetector computed tomography. We explored the associations of visceral adipose tissue with baseline dysglycemic indices and new‐onset diabetes. Epicardial adipose tissue, paracardial adipose tissue, interatrial fat, periaortic fat, and thoracic aortic adipose tissue were differentially and independently associated with dysglycemic indices (fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, HbA1c, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) beyond anthropometric measures. The superimposition of interatrial fat and thoracic aortic adipose tissue on age, sex, body mass index, and baseline homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance expanded the likelihood of baseline diabetes (from 67.2 to 86.0 and 64.4 to 70.8, P for ∆ ꭕ 2 : <0.001 and 0.011, respectively). Compared with the first tertile, the highest interatrial fat tertile showed a nearly doubled risk for new‐onset diabetes (hazard ratio, 2.09 [95% CI, 1.38–3.15], P <0.001) after adjusting for Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index. Conclusions Region‐specific visceral adiposity may not perform equally in discriminating baseline dysglycemia or diabetes, and showed differential predictive performance in new‐onset diabetes. Our data suggested that interatrial fat may serve as a potential marker for new‐onset diabetes.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Zha ◽  
Yanhui Lu ◽  
Yongli Li ◽  
Dong Yan ◽  
Limei Ran ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Abdominal adiposity is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area obtained from computed tomography (CT) is a key anthropometric index. The present study investigated the VAT criteria on cardiometabolic risk factors in a large-scale nationwide Chinese population.Method: A total of 21,772 adults who underwent a low dose chest CT (LDCT) for lung cancer screening at one of 13 health checkup centers throughout China and had complete ancillary health records were evaluated. Abdominal VAT area at the center of L2 vertebra was measured with Mindways quantitative CT software using the existing LDCT dataset. Relevant anthropometric, serum and blood pressure measurements were obtained from the participants’ records. The VAT distribution of the LDCT cohort was age-adjusted using the Chinese national census. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome based on the Chinese national guidelines was 29.5% and 10.5% in men and women respectively. Using ROC curves, the optimum threshold values for VAT area to identify metabolic syndrome were 213 cm2 in men, and 136 cm2 in women. For participants with VAT area above threshold, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for metabolic syndrome was 6.15 (5.65, 6.69) and 9.25 (7.58, 11.4) for men and women respectively. A further analysis of population attributable risk showed that VAT above threshold was significantly associated with an increased risk for metabolic syndrome.Conclusion: In this large-scale nationwide population of China, sex-specific threshold values for VAT area measured by CT were established to identify the risk of metabolic syndrome. VAT area is a key anthropometric index of interventions to control cardiometabolic risk.


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