Utilization of RAPD Markers to Assess Genetic Diversity of Wild Populations of North American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium)

The magnitude of genetic differences among and the heterogeneity within cultivated and wild American ginseng populations is unknown. Variation among individual plants from 16 geographically separated, cultivated populations and 21 geographically separated, wild populations were evaluated using RAPD markers. Cultivated populations from the midwestern U.S., the southern U.S., and Canada were examined. Wild populations from the midwestern U.S., the southern U.S., and the eastern U.S. were examined. Polymorphic bands were observed for 15 RAPD primers, which resulted in 100 scored bands. Variation was found within and among populations, indicating that the selected populations are heterogeneous with respect to RAPD markers. The genetic relationships among individual genotypes were estimated using the ratio of discordant bands to total bands scored. Multidimensional scaling of the relationship matrix showed independent clusters corresponding to the geographical and cultural origins of the populations. The integrity of the clusters were confirmed using pooled chi-squares for fragment homogeneity. Average gene diversity (Hs) was calculated for each population sample, and a one-way analysis of variance showed significant differences among populations. Overall, the results demonstrate the usefulness of the RAPD procedure for evaluating genetic relationships and comparing levels of genetic diversity among populations of American ginseng genotypes.

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Genetic diversity in North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) grown in Ontario detected by RAPD analysis

Genome ◽

10.1139/g97-015 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 111-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Dapeng Bai ◽

J. Brandle ◽

R. Reeleder

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

North American ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Rapd Analysis ◽

American Ginseng ◽

Panax Quinquefolius ◽

Similarity Coefficients ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

High Degree

Genetic diversity within North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) grown in Ontario was investigated at the DNA level using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 420 random decamers were initially screened against DNA from four ginseng plants and 78.8% of them generated RAPD fragments. Thirty-six of the decamers that generated highly repeatable polymorphic RAPD markers were selected for further RAPD analysis of the ginseng population. With these primers, 352 discernible DNA fragments were produced from DNA of 48 ginseng plants, corresponding to an average of 9.8 fragments per primer, of which over 45% were polymorphic. The similarity coefficients among the DNA of ginseng plants analyzed were low, ranging from 0.149 to 0.605 with a mean of 0.412, indicating that a high degree of genetic diversity exists in the ginseng population. Lower levels of genetic diversity were detected among 3-year-old ginseng plants selected on the basis of greater plant height than among the plants randomly selected from the same subpopulation or over the whole population, suggesting that genetic factors at least partly contribute to morphological variation within the ginseng population and that visual selection can be effective in identifying the genetic differences. The significance of a high degree of genetic variation in the ginseng population on its potential for improvement by breeding is also discussed.Key words: Panax quinquefolius, ginseng, RAPD, genetic diversity.

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Use of RAPD Markers to Assess Genetic Diversity of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) Among Wild Populations from the Catskill Mountains of New York State and Other States

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.889a ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 889A-889 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wansang Lim* ◽

Kenneth Mudge

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

New York ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Genetic Difference ◽

New York State ◽

American Ginseng ◽

Panax Quinquefolium ◽

Catskill Mountains ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Chi Square

The Catskill Mountains of New York are an important source of wild-collected American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium), and increasingly, of woods-cultivated ginseng. The objective of this study was to assess genetic diversity among eight different wild ginseng populations from the Catskill Mountains and to compare Catskill populations to five wild populations from other states including Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and one cultivated population from Wisconsin. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to estimate the genetic difference among the 14 populations using PCR amplified nuclear DNA. Fifteen random primers were selected from a total of 64 random decamer primers by screening bulked DNA samples from the eight Catskill populations. These 15 primers were then used to compare 10 plants each from the eight Catskill populations and three to four plants each from the non-Catskill populations. The 15 primers produced 124 polymorphic bands. The genetic distance within and among populations was estimated using the ratio of discordant bands to total bands. Multidimensional scaling of the relation matrix showed separation of Catskill and non-Catskill population clusters. Significant differences between these groups was confirmed using pooled chi-square tests for fragment homogeneity. Although the eight Catskill populations differed from the non Catskill populations, there were no significant differences among the Catskill populations. This study shows that presence and absence of bands can be used as population specific markers for American ginseng. Although these results do not rule out the possibility that there may be some level of genetic differences among Catskill populations, 10 plants per population was not sufficient to establish such differences.

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Genetic Diversity of Salvia Species Assessed by ISSR and RAPD Markers

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha44210391 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 431-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Masoumeh YOUSEFIAZARKHANIAN ◽

Ali ASGHARI ◽

Jafar AHMADI ◽

Behvar ASGHARI ◽

Ali Ashraf JAFARI

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Polymorphisms ◽

Genomic Dna ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Genetic Variations ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Similarity Coefficients ◽

The World

The genus Salvia includes an enormous assemblage of nearly 1,000 species dispersed around the world. Due to possible threats to this genus, there is an immediate requirement to evaluate the diversity of its wild populations. ISSR and RAPD molecular techniques were used to evaluate the genetic relationships among twenty-one ecotypes of eight Salvia species. Amplification of genomic DNA using 23 primers (15 RAPD and eight ISSR) produced 280 bands, of which 91% were polymorphic. The results of marker parameters showed no clear difference between two marker systems. It was generally observed that both ISSR and RAPD markers had similar efficiency in detecting genetic polymorphisms with remarkable ability to differentiate the closely related ecotypes of Salvia. Neiâ€™s similarity coefficients for these techniques ranged from 0.48 to 0.98. Based on the results of clustering, PCoA and AMOVA, the genetic diversity between and within species was confirmed. So, conservation and domestication of the genus Salvia must be due to levels of genetic variations.

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