The concluding chapter summarizes the book’s major contributions, addresses some important remaining issues, and anticipates how legislation is likely to proceed in the future. The chapter touches on three major religions (Eastern Orthodoxy, Hinduism, and Judaism), which do not receive much attention in other parts of the book. There is also a discussion of public opinion in Russia, which has received a lot of attention for its critical comments and policies. Additionally, this chapter examines cross-national developments in homosexuality-related legislation over the last twenty years. Across the world, many countries seem to be adopting friendlier policies, but there also appears to be a small backlash, often coming from nations with less political, economic, and media power. The backlash provides insight into why we should not expect all nations to march into the future with increasingly tolerant views.