Fake News im Wahlkampf

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Flint

The urgency of regulating fake news on social networks regarding election campaigns is more evident than ever. This poses considerable difficulties for legislative practice. It is important to consider the fundamental rights of the parties involved without the state's influence on the formation of public opinion becoming too great. The current options of reacting to fake news do not suffice to ensure a free opinion-forming process. This publication makes an innovative proposal as to how social networks – especially Facebook – can be regulated in the future in such a way that the discourse is strengthened and the alarming influence of private companies on the formation of opinion is limited.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Diego Santos Vieira de Jesus ◽  
Adriane Figueirola Buarque de Holanda

The main purpose is to examine the possible role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the uncertain context of the 2020 municipal elections in Brazil. The central argument indicates that, regardless of when the elections are held, the COVID-19 pandemic opened spaces for candidates to build their political platforms on the initiatives to combat the disease, but also the opportunity for the dissemination of fake news and profiles regarding the spread of the new coronavirus and social distancing and quarantine measures with political purposes. The electoral discourse has increasingly used technologies and data such as voters’ concerns, preferences, and oppositions, collected on social networks through AI. New data-based technologies can give rise to an unreal, induced, forged public opinion, in the same way that they can bring greater possibilities of discernment to the voter. The situation requires a more robust regulation for AI, but there are still many unregulated aspects and obstacles for the implementation of an effective regulation of online activities in Brazil, such as the poor adaptation of the legal space to highly volatile phenomena.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-513
Author(s):  
Eli Borges Júnior

This paper provides a brief critical examination of the term “post-truth” to determine to what extent it may or may not be considered useful for comprehending the notion of public opinion in contemporaneity. We are extremely interested in this reflection due to the heightened use of this term over the last years, especially in reference to the propagation of fake news. To accomplish this, we set out to divide our work into two key parts: the first part questions whether “post-truth” is an accurate term for that which it describes; the second question, pertaining specifically to the massive increase in communications technologies and social networks, poses a challenge: Is there any particular present-day phenomenon that is reshaping the idea of truth?O presente artigo pretende submeter o termo “pós-verdade” a um breve exame crítico, procurando problematizar em que medida a sua apropriação pode ou não se apresentar como um dispositivo útil na leitura de uma noção contemporânea de opinião pública. O que nos impele a essa reflexão é o acentuado uso que o termo tem recebido nos últimos tempos, sobretudo em referência ao advento do fenômeno da propagação das chamadas fake news. Para realizá-la, dividimos nosso percurso em duas questões fundamentais: a primeira delas indaga em que medida o termo “pós-verdade” faz sentido para aquilo que em geral se deseja dizer com ele; já a segunda questão, especificamente em um contexto de hipertrofia das tecnologias de comunicação e de suas redes sociais, interpela-nos: há algum fenômeno particular de nossa época que esteja, ao fim e ao cabo, ressignificando a própria ideia de verdade?El presente artículo pretende someter el término “posverdad” a un breve exámen crítico, buscando problematizar en qué medida su apropiación puede o no presentarse como un dispositivo útil en la lectura de una noción contemporánea de opinión pública. Lo que nos impulsa a esa reflexión es el acentuado uso que el término ha recibido en los últimos años, sobre todo en referencia al advenimiento del fenómeno de propagación de noticias falsas. Para realizarla, dividimos nuestro recorrido en dos cuestiones fundamentales: la primera de ellas indaga en qué medida el término “posverdad” tiene sentido para lo que en general se desea decir con él; y, la segunda cuestión, específicamente en un contexto de hipertrofia de las tecnologías de comunicación y de sus redes sociales, nos plantea: ¿hay algún fenómeno particular de nuestra época que esté, al final, resignificando la propia idea de verdad?


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Gavra ◽  
Ksenia Namyatova ◽  
Lidia Vitkova

This paper examines the problem of social media special operations and especially induced support in social media during political election campaigns. The theoretical background of the paper is based on the study fake activity in social networks during pre-election processes and the existing models and methods of detection of such activity. The article proposes a methodology for identifying and diagnosing induced support for a political project. The methodology includes a model of induced activity, an algorithm for segmenting the audience of a political project, and a technique for detecting and diagnosing induced support. The proposed methodology provides identification of network combatants, participants of social media special operations, influencing public opinion in the interests of a political project. The methodology can be used to raise awareness of the electorate, the public, and civil society in general about the presence of artificial activity on the page of a political project.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2248
Author(s):  
Ming-Hung Wang ◽  
Nhut-Lam Nguyen ◽  
Shih-chan Dai ◽  
Po-Wen Chi ◽  
Chyi-Ren Dow

Currently, online social networks are essential platforms for political organizations to monitor public opinion, disseminate information, argue with the opposition, and even achieve spin control. However, once such purposeful/aggressive articles flood social sites, it would be more difficult for users to distinguish which messages to read or to trust. In this paper, we aim to address this issue by identifying potential “cyber-armies/professional users” during election campaigns on social platforms. We focus on human-operated accounts who try to influence public discussions, for instance, by publishing hundreds/thousands of comments to show their support or rejection of particular candidates. To achieve our objectives, we collected activity data over six months from a prominent Taiwan-based social forum before the 2018 national election and applied a series of statistical analyses to screen out potential targets. From the results, we successfully identified several accounts according to distinctive characteristics that corresponded to professional users. According to the findings, users and platforms could realize potential information manipulation and increase the transparency of the online society.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Janaina Rigo Santin ◽  
Marlon Dai Pra

This paper, built from a bibliographic review, using the hypothetical deductive method, deals with the growing problem related to the dissemination of false information, which in its turn interferes directly in the formation of public opinion and, consequently, in democracy and the fundamental civic rights exercise. Throughout the text, it is observed how this phenomenon is present and takes power in different media, particularly in electronic media, reaching many people and blurring the right to information. In this way the Brazilian political scenario was observed, especially in the 2018 electoral process, in which fake news marked the campaigns, bringing to the public a series of distorted values rather than cohesive proposals and well-defined strategies. From this analysis we understand the need for an education on the subject, so that the practices of disinformation can be gradually combated preserving and praising reliable information committed to the citizen's rights and democracy.


Author(s):  
Julio Baquero Cruz

This chapter analyses another area of Union law that is highly controversial and relevant in structural terms—the protection of fundamental rights. It discusses the scope and standard of the protection offered at Union level, the consequences for national law, and the implications of the future accession of the Union to the European Convention on Human Rights. These issues are of fundamental importance for the integrity of Union law and of wider significance for the political understanding of the Union.


1987 ◽  
Vol 51 (part 2: Supplement: 50th Anniversary Issue) ◽  
pp. S173
Author(s):  
Leo Bogart ◽  
James R. Beniger ◽  
Richard A. Brody ◽  
Irving Crespi ◽  
James A. Davis ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Quintino Francesco Lotito ◽  
Davide Zanella ◽  
Paolo Casari

The pervasiveness of online social networks has reshaped the way people access information. Online social networks make it common for users to inform themselves online and share news among their peers, but also favor the spreading of both reliable and fake news alike. Because fake news may have a profound impact on the society at large, realistically simulating their spreading process helps evaluate the most effective countermeasures to adopt. It is customary to model the spreading of fake news via the same epidemic models used for common diseases; however, these models often miss concepts and dynamics that are peculiar to fake news spreading. In this paper, we fill this gap by enriching typical epidemic models for fake news spreading with network topologies and dynamics that are typical of realistic social networks. Specifically, we introduce agents with the role of influencers and bots in the model and consider the effects of dynamical network access patterns, time-varying engagement, and different degrees of trust in the sources of circulating information. These factors concur with making the simulations more realistic. Among other results, we show that influencers that share fake news help the spreading process reach nodes that would otherwise remain unaffected. Moreover, we emphasize that bots dramatically speed up the spreading process and that time-varying engagement and network access change the effectiveness of fake news spreading.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Giere

The influence on public opinion of social networks such as Facebook and Twitter regarding the process of political decision-making is constantly evolving. However, the discussion whether these networks are holders of the fundamental right of media freedom is still in its "infancy stage". This piece takes up this topic, which is practically relevant, but still lacks adequate scientific research. Against this background, the paper addresses the Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG) which came into effect in Germany on 1 October 2017. With this law, the federal legislature has imposed proactive inspection obligations on certain providers of social networks. Operators are now legally required to check contents to ensure it does not violate German penal law.


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