Multi-level Governance and the Way Forward for European Drug Policy

2011 ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Caroline Chatwin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Way

scholarly journals SYARI’AH DALAM PERSPEKTIF PELAKU BISNIS MLM SYARI’AH AHADNET INTERNASIONAL ( Studi Kasus di Kota Semarang )

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Choirul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Business Operations ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Wrong Interpretation ◽  
The Way

<em>PT. Ahadnet International, a business Multi Level Marketing (MLM) Syariah, is a MLM business operations based on the principles of syari'ah . The business attracted many people from among Muslims because it offers businesses with marketing Islamic halal products and toyyib. No doubt, many Muslims were later merged into the Ahadnet MITRANIAGA. Nevertheless, the Muslims interests of this business does not mean not raising the issue. Labeling the word “Syariah” is attached to the naming MLM International Syari’ah Ahadnet it needs proper interpretation. Wrong interpretation of the word shariah for the Ahadnet International MLM syari’ah business will bring counterproductive, both for the company, MITRANIAGA and for Islam itself. Seeing this phenomenon, it is through this study, researchers are trying to see how far the understanding of the actors (MITRANIAGA) International Ahadnet the term shari’ah. Their understanding of Shari’ah will affect the way they work on the syariah business in genera,  particularly MLM syari’ah business</em>

Party Organizational Linkage

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-101
Author(s):  
Lori Thorlakson
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Design ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Vertical Linkages ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Organizational Linkages ◽  
The Way ◽  
Organizational Linkage

The literature argues that vertically integrated parties are important for generating or encouraging stability in multi-level systems. This chapter differentiates between party organizational linkages at the level of resources and services, cooperation, and attitudinal dimensions. Drawing on data from a survey of over 250 subnational party organizations in seven multi-level systems, this chapter shows that the institutional design of a federation does not necessarily predict the way in which parties share resources and services through vertical linkages, but it does help us predict other important aspects of multi-level organization. This includes the degree of shared values and the ideological distance between subnational and federal parties.

ZAWOALOWANA I BEZPOŚREDNIA UWAGI O FEMINOŚWIATACH MARII PINIŃSKIEJ-BEREŚ I EWY PARTUM1

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (25) ◽  
pp. 108-135
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kostołowski
Keyword(s):  
Multi Level ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Way

The proposals of art by the internationally known: Maria Pinińska-Bereś (1931–1999) and Ewa Partum (b. 1945) have been emerging since the 1960s and 1970s as the successive steps driving through the shell of masculine domination in art. Owing to the power and coherence of the liberation endeavours, both artists have worked out their own forms of creativity. Through the individuality of feminine approaches they manifested in their statements some sort of model message, and at the same time a uniqueness in the way of using artistic means of expression. For the sculpturess and “performeress” Pinińska-Bereś entangled in the multi- level dualism of the patriarchal domination and neo-avant-guarde freedom, the method depended on showing psychoanalytically filtered depths through the veiled object allusions. For the relatively early emancipated and direct in her strong performances conceptual artist, Ewa Partum, the fusion of corporal presence with critical ideas was, and still is, important.

“Calm Down,” “Cheer Up”: How Age Influences the Way We Manage Emotion in Social Partners

2020 ◽  
pp. 016402752094668
Author(s):  
Ruth E. Jarman ◽  
Tim D. Windsor
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Attentional Deployment ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Way

This study examines how individuals (regulators) manage emotion in their social partners (targets) and whether the age of the regulator or the age of the target influences extrinsic emotion regulation strategy preference. An online questionnaire was used to assess extrinsic emotion regulation among 580 participants aged 18–87 years ( M = 50.04, SD = 18.13). Participants (regulators) indicated the extent to which they would be likely to use different strategies when interacting with a younger or older target who was upset. Results of multi-level modeling showed that older regulators endorsed less use of situation modification than younger regulators, but age differences in regulators’ use of other strategies were not significant. After adjustment for relationship-specific covariates, regulators endorsed less use of attentional deployment and cognitive change, for older targets than younger targets. Results are discussed in the context of lifespan perspectives on social behavior and emotion regulation.

Language as Multi-Level Barrier in Health Research and the Way Forward

2021 ◽  
pp. 025371762110520
Author(s):  
Ramdas Ransing ◽  
Ramyadarshni Vadivel ◽  
Sarah El Halabi ◽  
Chonnakarn Jatchavala ◽  
Mohammadreza Shalbafan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Way

scholarly journals Human evolution and transitions in individuality

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo C. Abrantes
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Dual Inheritance Theory ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Dual Inheritance ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates whether it is fruitful to describe the role culture began to play at some point in the hominin lineage as pointing to a transition in individuality, by reference to the works of Buss, Maynard-Smith and Szathmáry, Michod and Godfrey-Smith. The chief question addressed is whether a population of groups having different cultural phenotypes is either paradigmatically Darwinian or marginal, by using Godfrey-Smith’s representation of such transitions in a multi-dimensional space. Richerson and Boyd’s «dual inheritance» theory, and the explanation it provides of the evolution of cooperation in the hominin lineage, is taken into account to shed light on the way Godfrey-Smith deals with cultural evolution, especially concerning the amount of variation in a population of groups with various cultural phenotypes, the role played by multi-level selection in the evolutionary dynamics of such a population and the adequacy of different modalities of group-reproduction.KEYWORDSTRANSITIONS IN INDIVIDUALITY, CULTURAL EVOLUTION, DARWINIAN POPULATIONS, EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION, DUAL INHERITANCE THEORYRESUMENEste trabajo indaga acerca de si es fructífero o no describir el papel que la cultura comenzó a jugar en algún punto en el linaje de los homininos como si se tratara de una transición en la individualidad, en referencia a las obras de Buss, Maynard-Smith y Szathmáry, y Michod y Godfrey-Smith. La cuestión principal es si una población de grupos con diferentes fenotipos culturales es o bien paradigmáticamente darwiniana o bien marginal, usando para ello la representación de Godfrey-Smith de tales transiciones en un espacio multidimensional. La teoría de la «herencia dual» de Richerson y Boyd, y la explicación que proporciona de la cooperación en el linaje hominino es tenida en cuenta para arrojar luz sobre el modo en que Godfrey-Smith trata la evolución cultural, especialmente en lo concerniente a la cantidad de variación en una población de grupos con diversos fenotipos culturales, el papel jugado por la selección multi-nivel en el dinámica evolutiva de tal población y la adecuación de diferentes modalidades de reproducción de grupos.PALABRAS CLAVETRANSICIONES EN LA INDIVIDUALIDAD, EVOLUCIÓN CULTURAL, POBLACIONES DARWINIANAS, EVOLUCIÓN DE LA COOPERACIÓN, TEORÍA DE LA HERENCIA DUAL

scholarly journals Cannabis Use in an English Community

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Taylor ◽  
Helen Beckett Wilson ◽  
Giles Barrett ◽  
Janet Jamieson ◽  
Lauren Grindrod
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Uncertain Process ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Drug Prohibition ◽  
The Way

Cannabis occupies an ambiguous social, cultural, economic, and legal position, meaning that the way communities construct, interact with, and interpret drug markets is a complicated and uncertain process. This article seeks to explain these ambiguities by investigating the place of cannabis use in a UK borough, drawing on qualitative empirical data collated from a sample ( N = 68) of practitioners, local residents, cannabis users, and their families. In doing so, the article employs the concept of liminality (whereby individuals and spaces occupy a position at both ends of a threshold) to explore how community behaviors and norms relate to issues of space, harm, and drug policy. The article contextualizes the position of cannabis use within the fieldwork site, exploring a series of competing contradictions that divided participants between the rhetoric and reality of drug prohibition. Drug prohibition suggests cannabis use to be dangerous, which prompted concern. However, the lived reality of prohibition for residents sat in stark juxtaposition: The drug was used commonly and publicly, was effectively decriminalized, and its use (reluctantly) accommodated. This malaise placed residents within what is described here as the liminality of drug prohibition, in which notions of the licit and illicit became blurred and whereby the illegality of cannabis augmented anxieties yet simultaneously proved a barrier to addressing them. In conclusion, the current study provides further evidence of prohibitionist drug policy proliferating rather than mitigating drug-related harms.

scholarly journals Synthesizing the legacy of Varga and Dienes

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
András Benedek ◽  
Ágnes Tuska
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Philosophy Of Mathematics ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Way

Tamás Varga worked closely with Zoltán P. Dienes to provide learners with internally related experiences of creating and discovering abstract concepts, a procedure that Dienes described as “internalized action”. In instructing the way Dienes and Varga have promoted, “multiple embodiment” and the cognitive process of the learner in unaccustomed learning situations may be different for teachers and their pupils. Addressing this difference, we outline a lesson for pre-service teachers on comparing divisibility rules in various bases with the use of Dienes’s Multibase Arithmetic Blocks as an illustration of how to interface multi-level experiences. In order to answer the didactic problem of how embodied tools augment the learning process by structuring and organizing the learners’ experiences at different levels, we point to the principles that make the synthesis of the two innovators’ methods possible. Classification: A60, B59, C30, F60, Q69, U60 Keywords: Tamás Varga, multiple embodiment, Zoltán P. Dienes’s principles, multibase arithmetic blocks, divisibility rules, manipulatives, philosophy of mathematics

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