scholarly journals Cannabis Use in an English Community

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Taylor ◽  
Helen Beckett Wilson ◽  
Giles Barrett ◽  
Janet Jamieson ◽  
Lauren Grindrod
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Uncertain Process ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Drug Prohibition ◽  
The Way

Cannabis occupies an ambiguous social, cultural, economic, and legal position, meaning that the way communities construct, interact with, and interpret drug markets is a complicated and uncertain process. This article seeks to explain these ambiguities by investigating the place of cannabis use in a UK borough, drawing on qualitative empirical data collated from a sample ( N = 68) of practitioners, local residents, cannabis users, and their families. In doing so, the article employs the concept of liminality (whereby individuals and spaces occupy a position at both ends of a threshold) to explore how community behaviors and norms relate to issues of space, harm, and drug policy. The article contextualizes the position of cannabis use within the fieldwork site, exploring a series of competing contradictions that divided participants between the rhetoric and reality of drug prohibition. Drug prohibition suggests cannabis use to be dangerous, which prompted concern. However, the lived reality of prohibition for residents sat in stark juxtaposition: The drug was used commonly and publicly, was effectively decriminalized, and its use (reluctantly) accommodated. This malaise placed residents within what is described here as the liminality of drug prohibition, in which notions of the licit and illicit became blurred and whereby the illegality of cannabis augmented anxieties yet simultaneously proved a barrier to addressing them. In conclusion, the current study provides further evidence of prohibitionist drug policy proliferating rather than mitigating drug-related harms.

The “Lucky Money” That Started It All—The Reinvention of the Ancient Tradition “Red Packet” in Digital Times

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630512110416
Author(s):  
Yusi (Aveva) Xu
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Social Medium ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Virtual Groups ◽  
Gift Economy ◽  
Active User ◽  
Economic Practices ◽  
The Way

In August 2020, President Trump attempted to ban WeChat, indicating the growing impact of the most widely used social medium in China. WeChat enjoys a monthly active user base of 1.2 billion, but the Internet giant’s story started with a humble function, “Red Packet.” The function of Red Packet paved the way for WeChat to intelligently integrate into the Chinese financial sphere. This study examines the cultural, economic, and relational implications of the digital reinvention of traditional red packet gifts, and monetary giving that represents good luck and well wishes in festive situations. Drawing upon Mauss’ conceptualization of gift economy within the context of contemporary China and the art of social relationships, “ guanxi,” the author closely examines Tencent’s annual report and conducts semi-structured interviews to study WeChat Red Packet (hereafter WCRP) gifting. This article concludes that (1) the obligatory feeling of guanxi management renders WCRP giving, receiving, and reciprocity compulsory practices; (2) WCRP facilitates “immediate reciprocity,” in which, instrumental guanxi may be produced and dissolved instantaneously; (3) the phenomena of social comparison and social hierarchy are mirrored in virtual groups; (4) with platformed sociality and monetizing connectivity, WCRP paved the way for alternative economic practices within Chinese authoritarian capitalism; and (5) WCRP contains characteristics of a personalized gift and materialist commodity.

Competing Discourses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kátia da Costa Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Social Policies ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Inside Out ◽  
The Way

The chapter focuses on the way museums, historical areas, and iconic architecture become a key asset in the promotion of an urban identity and branding. The chapter examines the various facets of the Wonder Port project and its consequence for local residents. It studies more specifically the key role played by art in the production of conflicting and sometimes contradictory spatial imaginaries. The chapter shows the tensions between Rio Art Museum’s architecture and exhibits and community-based social and cultural projects such as Morrinho (Little Hill) and the Inside Out Morro da Providência project. It illustrates how top-down market-oriented social policies of displacement of long-time residents are put into question by favela-based cultural producers.

A New Agenda for Cognitive Development

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Siegler
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
Initial Decision ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Children’S Thinking ◽  
The Way

My goal in writing this book is to change the agenda of the field of cognitive development. In particular, I want to promote greater attention to the question that I believe is inherently at the core of the field: How do changes in children’s thinking occur? Focusing on change may not sound like a radical departure from current practice, but I believe it is. It will require reformulation of our basic assumptions about children’s thinking, the kinds of questions we ask about it, our methods for studying it, the mechanisms we propose to explain it, and the basic metaphors that underlie our thinking about it. That modifications of all of these types are being proposed as a package is no accident. Just as existing approaches have directed our attention away from the change process, so may new ones lead us to focus squarely on it. This concluding chapter summarizes the kinds of changes in assumptions, questions, methods, mechanisms, and metaphors that I think are needed. My initial decision to write this book was motivated by a growing discomfort with the large gap between the inherent mission of the field—to understand changes in children’s thinking—and most of what we actually have been studying. As I thought about the problem, I came to the conclusion that existing assumptions, methods, and theories acted in a mutually supportive way to make what we typically do seem essential, and to make doing otherwise—that is, studying change directly—seem impossible. Even approaches that proclaimed themselves to be radical departures from traditional theories maintained many fundamental assumptions of those theories. An increasing body of empirical evidence, however, indicates that some of the assumptions are wrong and that the way in which they are wrong has led us to ignore fundamental aspects of development. In this section, I describe prevailing assumptions regarding variability, choice, and change, and propose alternatives that seem more consistent with empirical data and more useful for increasing our understanding of how changes occur.

Context Matters

2020 ◽  
pp. 233-263
Author(s):  
Jeanette N. Cleveland
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
Situation Assessment ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Situational Strength ◽  
Key Features ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Way

Contexts shape the way the performance appraisal (PA) and performance management (PM) systems are designed and utilized. Yet, the analysis of situations, especially more macro-context, including cultural, economic, and political/legal values, is one of the most underresearched areas in applied psychology despite the fact that context is likely to be critical to understanding the success and the failures associated with individual and team PM in organizations. To date, most research on situations has focused on proximal factors that impinge directly on raters’ and ratees’ motivation and goals, with less attention given to variations in macro and meso context across and within organizations, nations, and cultures. In the present chapter, the current research linking context with PA and PM is reviewed. Drawing from both situational strength and institutional theories, the mechanisms (e.g., norms and constraints) by which situations can shape the design and process of PA/PM within and across organizations are discussed. The chapter concludes by translating key features from the context and situation assessment literature into action that can be taken by industrial and organizational psychologists to help improve PA/PM research and practice in organizations.

scholarly journals The variable and evolving nature of ‘cuckooing’ as a form of criminal exploitation in street level drug markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Spicer ◽  
Leah Moyle ◽  
Ross Coomber
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Criminal Exploitation ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dominant Narratives ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA form of criminal exploitation rarely mentioned in the academic literature has recently emerged, evolved and taken meaningful hold in the UK. Hundreds of cases of ‘cuckooing’ have been reported, where heroin and crack cocaine dealers associated with the so-called ‘County Lines’ supply methodology have taken over the homes of local residents and created outposts to facilitate their supply operations in satellite locations. Dominant narratives surrounding this practice have stressed its exploitative nature and the vulnerabilities of those involved. Combining qualitative data from two studies, this paper critically analyses the model of cuckooing and the experiences of those affected. In turn it explores the impact of County Lines on affected areas and local populations, a topic that has received little academic scrutiny. Four typologies of cuckooing are constructed, highlighting its variance and complexity. Findings also suggest it to be a growing method of criminal exploitation beyond drug supply with a possible burgeoning presence being realised internationally.

Muratpur and the Udaypur Praśasti: New Discoveries

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
MUZAFFAR AHMED ANSARI
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Issue Attention ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Way

In the course of a field-survey of Paramāra sites in 2008–09, I was exploring locations with historic inscriptions, temples, memorial stones and medieval water systems. Of particular interest were places with antique statuary of Hanumān because he was a protector of the fields and thus played a role in agricultural production. Udaypur, a key Paramāra site with the well-known Śiva temple built by Udayāditya, naturally formed part of the study. When enquiries about Hanumān were made at Udaypur, local residents urged us to visit Muratpur, a village about 5 kilometres directly south. We set out in that direction, making a series of discoveries along the way. The various memorial pillars, ruins and other remains cannot be recorded here in detail. Perhaps the most startling discovery (more correctly a re-discovery) was a colossal figure of dancing Śiva, more that 2 metres high. The figure lies on its back and, to judge from the chisel marks on it, was never finished (Fig. 1). This joins the catalogue of monumental but unfinished work by the Paramāras. The temple of Bhojpur is the most famous example, but in this special issue attention has been drawn by O. P. Mishra to the fact that the Bijamaṇḍal at Vidiśā was also left unfinished by Naravarman.

Unravelling the complexities of poverty in Northern Ireland, a new immigration destination

2019 ◽  
pp. 211-228
Author(s):  
Ruth McAreavey
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Third Party ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Party Support ◽  
The Way

This chapter uses migrants’ experiences of poverty in Northern Ireland to consider the way in which poverty is experienced across transnational boundaries. The research draws from empirical data from Northern Ireland, a place which until relatively recently experienced little in-migration. It begins by considering the meaning of poverty and how it is understood transnationally i.e. across national boundaries. The chapter proceeds by showing how migrants shift their framing of poverty according to different circumstances. Poverty is also shown to bring with it physical and emotional vulnerabilities and can cause anxiety, indignity and insecurity for the individuals involved. Finally, the chapter highlights the importance of third party support from the sending or receiving society for overcoming the consequences of poverty.

We Can't Go Cold Turkey: Why Suppressing Drug Markets Endangers Society

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Werle ◽  
Ernesto Zedillo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
The Right ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
Cold Turkey

This essay argues that policies aimed at suppressing drug use exacerbate the nation's opioid problem. It neither endorses drug use nor advocates legalizing the consumption and sale of all substances in all circumstances. Instead, it contends that trying to suppress drug markets is the wrong goal, and in the midst of an addiction crisis it can be deadly. There is no single, correct drug policy; the right approach depends crucially on the substance at issue, the patterns of use and supply, and the jurisdiction's culture, institutions, and material resources. Decriminalization is no panacea for a nation's drug problems. Nevertheless, either de jure or de facto decriminalization of personal drug possession is a necessary condition for mitigating this crisis.

scholarly journals Seven rules for simulations in paleobiology

Paleobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joëlle Barido-Sottani ◽  
Erin E. Saupe ◽  
Tara M. Smiley ◽  
Laura C. Soul ◽  
April M. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
The Way

AbstractSimulations are playing an increasingly important role in paleobiology. When designing a simulation study, many decisions have to be made and common challenges will be encountered along the way. Here, we outline seven rules for executing a good simulation study. We cover topics including the choice of study question, the empirical data used as a basis for the study, statistical and methodological concerns, how to validate the study, and how to ensure it can be reproduced and extended by others. We hope that these rules and the accompanying examples will guide paleobiologists when using simulation tools to address fundamental questions about the evolution of life.

Drogen, Darknet und Organisierte Kriminalität

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Drug Prevention ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Organisierte Kriminalität ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Organisational Structures ◽  
Practical Experiences

The chapters in this edited volume include a vibrant mix of scholars from political science, sociology, criminology, law, and practical experiences. This volume is the first of its kind in German-speaking countries addressing the complex issue of ‘drugs, darknet and organized crime’. The multidisciplinary approaches to the new phenomenon demonstrate that cryptomarkets poses a multi-layered challenge. Classical concepts like ‘organized crime’ need to be expanded and call for new explanatory approaches. Organisational structures of anonymous online drug markets must be reassessed. Likewise, the development of cryptomarkets has implications for drug policy regarding drug prevention, drug counselling, criminal investigation and the judiciary. Finally, the question arises how to best regulate both offline and online drug markets. In view of those challenges, the various contributions in this reader deal with actors, underlying structures and economic transactions on drug markets in the Internet. With contributions by Meropi Tzanetakis | Heino Stöver | Klaus von Lampe | Frank Neubacher | Anja P. Jakobi | Jasmin Haunschild | Gergana Bulanova-Hristova | Karsten Kasper | Andreas Zaunseder | Angus Bancroft | Gerrit Kamphausen | Bernd Werse | James Martin | Benjamin Löhner | Sandro Rösler | Christian Mader | Stefan Mey

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