Stagnation Reduction in Drinking Water Storage Tanks through Internal Piping with Implications for Water Quality Improvement

2018 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 05018004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alizadeh Fard ◽  
Brian D. Barkdoll
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Water Quality Improvement

Water quality aspects related to domestic drinking water storage tanks and consideration in current standards and guidelines throughout the world – a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-463
Author(s):  
Irene Slavik ◽  
Keila Roberta Oliveira ◽  
Peter Batista Cheung ◽  
Wolfgang Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
Standards And Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In many parts of the world, drinking water storage takes place in near-house or in-house tanks. This can impact drinking water quality considerably. International and numerous national standards and guidelines addressing the construction, installation and operation of domestic drinking water storage tanks are reviewed on their consideration of water quality aspects and the minimisation of health risks associated with drinking water storage. Several national and international standards and guidelines are reviewed in terms of drinking water quality requirements. Factors that have an impact on water quality in relation to the use of domestic drinking water storage tanks are summarised comprehensively. The impact of the domestic storage of drinking water on water quality, the points and locations of use, their positioning, the materials they are made of, their design and operation, as well as aspects of how they are operated and maintained is outlined and discussed in detail. Finally, the incorporation of aspects regarding water quality in drinking water storage tanks in standards and guidelines is presented and assessed. To make the use of domestic drinking water storage tanks safer and more efficient, recommendations for modifications, improvements and extensions of respective standards are made.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of large household water storage tanks for protecting the quality of drinking water

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay P. Graham ◽  
James VanDerslice
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Delivery ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Total Coliforms

Many communities along the US-México border remain without infrastructure for water and sewage. Residents in these communities often collect and store their water in open 55-gallon drums. This study evaluated changes in drinking water quality resulting from an intervention that provided large closed water storage tanks (2,500-gallons) to individual homes lacking a piped water supply. After the intervention, many of the households did not change the source of their drinking water to the large storage tanks. Therefore, water quality results were first compared based on the source of the household's drinking water: store or vending machine, large tank, or collected from a public supply and transported by the household. Of the households that used the large storage tank as their drinking water supply, drinking water quality was generally of poorer quality. Fifty-four percent of samples collected prior to intervention had detectable levels of total coliforms, while 82% of samples were positive nine months after the intervention (p < 0.05). Exploratory analyses were also carried out to measure water quality at different points between collection by water delivery trucks and delivery to the household's large storage tank. Thirty percent of the samples taken immediately after water was delivered to the home had high total coliforms (>10 CFU/100 ml). Mean free chlorine levels dropped from 0.43 mg/l, where the trucks filled their tanks, to 0.20 mg/l inside the household's tank immediately after delivery. Results of this study have implications for interventions that focus on safe water treatment and storage in the home, and for guidelines regarding the level of free chlorine required in water delivered by water delivery trucks.

Sustainable improvement of drinking water quality by nanofiltration powered by renewable energy

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. López-Ramírez ◽  
E. Lee ◽  
R. J. Castañeda ◽  
J. Cho ◽  
N. García-Vaquero Marín
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Improvement ◽  
Sustainable Improvement

Desalination membrane technology is increasingly used for water production. However, the main disadvantage of desalination is related to energy consumption and CO2 emissions, so desalination powered by renewable energy (RE) is getting interest. In this study nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been used for drinking water quality improvement in a pilot plant (50 m3/day) powered by RE (11.0 kW). The aims of this paper are: (1) to study the viability of a hybrid RE system to improve drinking water quality, (2) to study the availability of RE for NF desalination, and (3) to improve the chemical and organoleptic quality of tap water and tap water blended with nanofiltered water. Results confirm that desalination powered by RE is an interesting option for water quality improvement. Thanks to the hybrid system of the pilot plant, operation is around 93% of time. After several blind tastings, 82% of the tasters preferred water blended with nanofiltered water rather than current tap water.

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