Effect of Mixing Time and Temperature on Cracking Resistance of Bituminous Mixtures Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to recommend a testing procedure to detect the content of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) used in hot-mix asphalt mixtures. Asphalt was extracted from RAP for use in blending with new binder and aggregate. The recovered binders were blended with virgin asphalt (AC-10) at 10 different concentrations. A concept called relative energy loss was proposed to determine the engineering properties of recycled asphalt concrete (RAC). The relative energy loss was found to be directly related to the resistance of RAC to moisture-induced damage. A noticeable increase in relative energy loss with as much as 50% RAP was observed. At 20% RAP, there was not enough RAP to change binder or mixture properties. The predicted performance of mixtures containing up to 40% RAP by weight was shown to be similar to that of virgin material mixtures. A model was developed to estimate the RAP content in terms of penetration, viscosity, and relative energy loss. Key words: reclaimed asphalt pavement, relative energy loss, moisture sensitivity.

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The Influence of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement on the Mechanical Performance of Bituminous Mixtures. An Analysis at the Mortar Scale

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12208343 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (20) ◽

pp. 8343

Author(s):

Ana E. Hidalgo ◽

Fernando Moreno-Navarro ◽

Raúl Tauste ◽

M. Carmen Rubio-Gámez

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Performance ◽

Asphalt Pavement ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Elastic Response ◽

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽

Reclaimed Asphalt ◽

Bituminous Mixtures ◽

Water Sensitivity ◽

Term Performance

The main characteristics of bituminous mixtures manufactured with a considerable amount of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), compared to conventional mixtures, are a reduction in workability, an increase in stiffness, and a loss of ductility, due to the presence of the aged bitumen contained in the RAP particles. To minimize these impacts, softer binders or rejuvenators are commonly used in the design of these mixtures in order to restore part of the ductility lost and to reduce the stiffness. In spite of previous investigations demonstrating that the mortar plays an essential role in the workability, long-term performance, and durability of bituminous mixtures (where cracking, cohesion, and adhesion problems all start at this scale), not many studies have assessed the impacts caused by the presence of RAP. In response to this, the present paper analyzes the workability, fatigue performance, and water sensitivity of bituminous mortars containing different amounts of RAP (from 0% to 100%) and rejuvenators. Mortar specimens were compacted using a gyratory compactor and studied via dynamic mechanical analysis under three point bending configuration. The results demonstrated that the presence of RAP reduces the workability and ductility of asphalt mortars. However, it also causes an increase in their stiffness, which induces a more elastic response and causes an increase in their resistance to fatigue, which could compensate for the loss of ductility. This aspect, together with the low water sensitivity shown, when using Portland cement as an active filler, would make it possible to produce asphalt materials with high RAP contents with a similar long-term mechanical performance as traditional ones. In addition, the use of rejuvenators was demonstrated to effectively correct the negative workability and ductility impacts caused by using RAP, without affecting the fatigue resistance and material adhesion/cohesion.

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Characterization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) as a road pavement material (National Road Waru, Sidoarjo)

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201818105001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 181 ◽

pp. 05001

Author(s):

Ari Widayanti ◽

A. A. Soemitro Ria ◽

Januarti Jaya Ekaputri ◽

Hitapria Suprayitno

Keyword(s):

Asphalt Pavement ◽

Microstructural Analysis ◽

Aluminum Silicate ◽

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽

Reclaimed Asphalt ◽

Road Pavement ◽

Sodium Aluminum Silicate ◽

Object Of Study ◽

National Road ◽

Pavement Material

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is a dredging pavement material using Cold Milling Machine. The application of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement is increased year by year. Due to the increasing application of RAP year by year which implicates environment condition, especially in damaging natural resources, the research on material used in RAP needs to be conducted, so RAP can be optimally utilized. To achieve optimal performance, data of RAP characteristics reviewed from microstructural analysis is necessary. The objective of this research is to obtain the characteristics of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement. The method used was literary study based on previous research. Material tests used were XRF, SEM and FTIR. The object of study was RAP material taken from national road Waru Sidoarjo. The major compositions of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement obtained were Kaolin, Lithium, Tetraborate, Dextrin. SEM graphics showed the morphological and surface texture of RAP. FTIR graphic presented the functional group of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement showing O-H C-O acid in the peak of graphic. From XRD result, the major compounds of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement obtained were Calcium, Sodium, Aluminum, Silicate.

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Rehabilitation by In-situ Cold Recycling Technique Using Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material and Foam Bitumen at Vadodara Halol Road Project (SH 87) – A Case Study

Transportation Research Procedia ◽

10.1016/j.trpro.2016.11.126 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 359-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hari Bhavsar ◽

Rajiv Dubey ◽

Vishwas Kelkar

Keyword(s):

Asphalt Pavement ◽

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽

Reclaimed Asphalt ◽

Road Project ◽

Cold Recycling ◽

Recycling Technique ◽

Pavement Material

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Reuse of bituminous pavements: A mini-review of research, regulations and modelling

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x16678064 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 357-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joke Anthonissen ◽

Wim Van den bergh ◽

Johan Braet

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

End Of Life ◽

Asphalt Pavement ◽

Life Stage ◽

Life Cycle Stage ◽

Supplementary Information ◽

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽

Reclaimed Asphalt ◽

Bituminous Mixtures

Bituminous pavement can be recycled – even multiple times – by reusing it in new bituminous mixtures. If the mechanical properties of the binder get worse, this reclaimed asphalt is often used in the sub-structure of the road. Apparently, up till now, no end-of-life phase exists for the material. Actually, defining the end-of-life and the end-of-waste stage of a material is important for life cycle assessment modelling. Various standards and scientific studies on modelling life cycle assessment are known, but the crucial stages are not yet defined for reclaimed asphalt pavement. Unlike for iron, steel and aluminium scrap, at this moment, no legislative end-of-waste criteria for aggregates are formulated by the European Commission. More research is necessary in order to develop valuable end-of-life criteria for aggregates. This contribution is a mini-review article of the current regulations, standards and studies concerning end-of-life and end-of-waste of reclaimed asphalt pavement. The existing methodology in order to define end-of-waste criteria, a case study on aggregates and the argumentation used in finished legislative criteria are the basis to clarify some modelling issues for reclaimed asphalt material. Hence, this contribution elucidates the assignment of process environmental impacts to a life cycle stage as defined by EN15804, that is, end-of-life stage (C) and the supplementary information Module D with benefits and loads beyond the system boundary.

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Laboratory Investigation of Cracking Resistance of Hot-Mix Asphalt Field Mixtures Containing Screened Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement

Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0000223 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 1535-1543 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Baoshan Huang ◽

Xiang Shu ◽

Dragon Vukosavljevic

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Investigation ◽

Hot Mix Asphalt ◽

Asphalt Pavement ◽

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽

Cracking Resistance ◽

Reclaimed Asphalt

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Characterization of Classified Indian Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP): Aggregate Impact Value and Aggregate Abrasion Value of Rap Aggregates

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.c6443.029320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 3913-3921

Keyword(s):

Asphalt Pavement ◽

Flexible Pavement ◽

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽

Reclaimed Asphalt ◽

The Road ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

Aggregate Impact Value ◽

Pavement Material ◽

Bituminous Concrete

Reuse of existing deteriorated bituminous pavement material in construction and maintenance of flexible pavement is called recycling of bituminous pavement. Removed and reprocessed deteriorated pavement material which is recycled is termed as Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). In India during construction of flexible pavement different types of bituminous layers are in practice depending upon CBR of sub-grade and traffic count i.e. CVPD of the road stretch. Depending upon types of bituminous layer i.e. PC Seal Coat, Bituminous Macadam(BM), Dense grade bituminous Macadam (DBM), Semi Dense Bituminous Concrete (SDBC) or Bituminous Concrete(BC) Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement can classified in different groups These classified RAP groups materials will have different characteristics i.e. Rap aggregates and Recovered bitumen of different group of RAP will have different characteristics. In this study characterization of RAP limited to Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) and Aggregate Abrasion Value (AAV)of RAP aggregates of RAP classified in different groups. Results of this study will be compared to standard value of AIV and AAV required for bituminous construction to predict that RAP aggregates are suitable or not for use in bituminous mixes.

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