Risk-Informed Framework for Sewerage System Rehabilitation Management

Dubrovnik is the most popular tourist seaside resort in Yugoslavia. The rapid development of tourism has necessitated appropriate environmental protection, particularly with regard to the coastal sea. Consequently, the city has constructed a plant for the treatment of wastewater and a submarine outfall. The characteristics of the sewerage system and the coastal sea meant that the wastewater disposal system required a specific method of construction and treatment. This paper presents the system adopted for Dubrovnik and the methodology used to choose the system. Special attention is paid to the problems and drawbacks which occurred during design and operation of the system, as well as to the measures undertaken afterwards for reconstruction of the system.

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Waste stabilization ponds in France: a report on fifteen years experience

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0465 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 91-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Y. Racault ◽

C. Boutin ◽

A. Seguin

Keyword(s):

Load Level ◽

Organic Load ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽

Sewerage System ◽

System Type ◽

Stabilization Ponds ◽

Waste Stabilization ◽

Output Load

In 1992, a survey was conducted on the performance of waste stabilization ponds in France. The data selected come from a sample of 178 ponds, with an average capacity of 600 p.e., throughout France. For each plant, one or several input--output load measurements over a 24-h period are available. The average organic load level received is approximately 25 kg BOD/ha.d, representing 50% of the nominal load. The quality of the treated water is presented based on the type of sewerage system feeding the ponds. The results appear dispersed, however; in 70% of the cases the concentrations in COD and BOD on filtered samples are under 120 mg/l and 40 mg/l, respectively, and the concentration in TSS under 120 mg/l (discharge standards in France for waste stabilization ponds). The reductions in nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are on average from 60% to 70%. The influence of different parameters (sewerage system type, organic load, season, age of plant, etc.) was studied. The results appear noticeably worse when the ponds receive wastewater from a strictly separate sewerage system.

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Transport of chlorinated hydrocarbons between sewage and sewer atmosphere

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0476 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 34 (3-4) ◽

pp. 557-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bettina S. Haas ◽

Reimer Herrmann

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ◽

Transfer Coefficients ◽

Mass Transfer Coefficients ◽

Sewerage System ◽

Mass Fluxes ◽

Single Compound

Sewage containing volatile contaminants is a potential VOC-source in cities. Thus we tried to evaluate volatilization out of the sewerage system by measurements of contaminants in sewer gas and sewage. Our results from a medium sized town with little industry showed that sewer gas is mainly contaminated with alkanes, small aromatic compounds and chlorinated hydrocarbons. For three chlorinated hydrocarbons (chloroform, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene) we determined mass transfer coefficients out of sewage and used these data to estimate mass fluxes from sewage and emissions out of the sewerage system for two sewer stretches. Considerable emission of chlorinated hydrocarbons from sewage, i.e. fluxes of some 10 to 100 g per m2·d, occurred only when the contaminant input via sewage was between some g and mg per litre for a single compound. For concentrations that were about 3 orders of magnitude less, emissions were negligible.

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Basic Energy Plan “Smart Plan 2014” for sewerage system

Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation ◽

10.2175/193864715819558839 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 (2) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Shuhei Taketani

Keyword(s):

Sewerage System

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Urinary Titin N-Fragment as a Biomarker of Muscle Atrophy, Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness, and Possible Application for Post-Intensive Care Syndrome

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10040614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 614 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nobuto Nakanishi ◽

Rie Tsutsumi ◽

Kanako Hara ◽

Masafumi Matsuo ◽

Hiroshi Sakaue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Muscle Atrophy ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Chronic Illnesses ◽

Rehabilitation Management ◽

Muscle Dystrophy ◽

Thin Filaments ◽

Thick Filaments ◽

Post Intensive Care Syndrome

Titin is a giant protein that functions as a molecular spring in sarcomeres. Titin interconnects the contraction of actin-containing thin filaments and myosin-containing thick filaments. Titin breaks down to form urinary titin N-fragments, which are measurable in urine. Urinary titin N-fragment was originally reported to be a useful biomarker in the diagnosis of muscle dystrophy. Recently, the urinary titin N-fragment has been increasingly gaining attention as a novel biomarker of muscle atrophy and intensive care unit-acquired weakness in critically ill patients, in whom titin loss is a possible pathophysiology. Furthermore, several studies have reported that the urinary titin N-fragment also reflected muscle atrophy and weakness in patients with chronic illnesses. It may be used to predict the risk of post-intensive care syndrome or to monitor patients’ condition after hospital discharge for better nutritional and rehabilitation management. We provide several tips on the use of this promising biomarker in post-intensive care syndrome.

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Salmonellas in sewage. A study in latent human infection

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400041942 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 517-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R. W. S. Harvey ◽

T. H. Price ◽

D. W. Foster ◽

W. C. Griffiths

Keyword(s):

Technical Assistance ◽

Human Infection ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

Salmonella Infection ◽

Technical Success ◽

Sewerage System ◽

The Public ◽

Multiple Sampling ◽

Paratyphi B ◽

Salmonella Serotypes

SUMMARYIn a residential estate of 4000 persons, containing neither industry nor retail butchers shops, salmonellas were regularly found in the sewerage system. They were frequently found in the sewage of a portion of the estate housing 1000 persons. The range of serotypes found was wide and some types suggested an exotic origin. No overt salmonella infection in the estate was reported during the period of survey, although local general practitioners had been previously alerted. Overt infection due to serotypes found in the survey were, however, reported in other areas of Glamorgan. Multiple sampling points in the sewerage system and a serological technique for examining samples contaminated with multiple salmonella serotypes were essential for the technical success of the survey.We should like to thank Prof. Scott Thomson for his advice in the preparation of this paper; Dr E. S. Anderson of the Central Enteric Reference Laboratory and Bureau, Colindale, for phage-typing the strains of S. typhimurium and S. paratyphi B; and Dr G. J. G. King of the Public Health Laboratory, Bournemouth, for identifying the serotypes isolated. We should also like to thank Mr T. R. Liddington and Mr J. H. Price for their technical assistance.

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