Discussion of “Fragility Curves and Methodology for Estimating Postearthquake Occupancy of Wood-Frame Single-Family Houses on a Regional Scale” by Pablo Heresi and Eduardo Miranda

2022 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Maison ◽  
Brian McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Wood Frame

Implementation of Plan Irregularity Rapid Visual Screening Tool for Wood-Frame, Single-Family Dwellings

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lucksiri ◽  
T. H. Miller ◽  
R. Gupta ◽  
S. Pei ◽  
J. W. van de Lindt
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tool ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Rapid Visual Screening ◽  
Visual Screening ◽  
Wood Frame

scholarly journals Tightness of Single-Family Buildings Made in Prefabricated Wood Frame Technology

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4500
Author(s):  
Artur Nowoświat ◽  
Iwona Pokorska-Silva ◽  
Mateusz Konewecki
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Frame Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wall System ◽  
Made In

The overall objective of the study is to determine the influence of various factors on the tightness of frame-based buildings. The study presents airtightness tests—Blow Doors Tests of single-family residential buildings made in the prefabricated wood frame technology. Primarily, the impact of selected quantitative and qualitative parameters on the determined quantity n50 was defined. For that purpose, correlation analyses were performed and the statistical hypothesis stating that there is no statistically significant linear relationship between n50 (a multiplication factor of air exchange in the building effected by pressure difference of 50 Pa) and the specified qualitative and quantitative parameters was verified. The hypothesis was verified using the F and χ2 statistics. The studies demonstrated that there are no grounds to reject the research hypothesis. The obtained results formulate a comprehensive conclusion that allows to test the tightness of buildings made in the prefabricated wood frame technology and makes the tightness results independent of many features of the examined building. Ultimately, the tightness results are only dependent on the leak of the examined object. They do not depend on roof structure, wall system, floor area, cubature, number of window openings, porch.

scholarly journals Quantifying air leakage through party walls in Toronto semidetached and row-home dwellings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Todd
Keyword(s):  
Air Leakage ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Masonry Construction ◽  
Common Wall ◽  
Air Tightness ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Frame Construction ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Adjacent Unit ◽  
Party Wall

This study contributes to the development of quantifying and understanding building air tightness as it relates to Toronto semi-detached and row homes, particularly party walls. While infiltration characteristics of single family detached homes have been widely developed and understood, the isolation of semi-detached and row home single family dwelling units is relatively unexplored. When quantifying air leakage in a building attached to an adjacent dwelling unit, air is drawn through the exterior envelope as well as the party wall (i.e. shared common wall). The purpose of the proposed testing method, guarded blower door testing, is to isolate air leakage through the party wall from the envelope. Currently the party wall is considered a fire-rated assembly but is not part of the air barrier system. Issues associated with party wall air leakage include spread of fire, indoor air quality, transfer of tobacco smoke between dwellings, and heat loss through the party to attic detail. Data collected on buildings constructed between 1890 and 1920 (Century buildings) has been compared to the data collected on buildings constructed between 2012 to 2017 (new buildings). Air leakage has been collected on twenty-six of Century semi-detached homes with solid masonry construction and twenty-one new semi-detached/row homes of lightweight wood frame construction. Each unit was tested independently and simultaneously, or “guarded”, with the adjacent unit, to pressure neutralize allowing for quantification of envelope and party wall air leakage. Party wall leakage was found to be similar to leakage through the exterior walls. The leakage accounted for 22% of the total infiltration in Century old buildings and 38% in Modern dwellings.

A comparison of two regional seismic damage estimation methodologies

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1401-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuna Onur ◽  
Carlos E Ventura ◽  
W D. Liam Finn
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Response ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Damage Estimation ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
Damage Probability Matrices ◽  
Damage Costs ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Probability Matrices

This paper presents a comparison of the two main regional damage estimation methodologies currently in use, namely the modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) based approach and the spectral parameter based approach. In the first methodology, expected damage is related to ground shaking intensity in terms of MMI through damage probability matrices. In the second methodology, the ground motion intensity is described in terms of spectral acceleration (SA), and building response in terms of spectral displacement (SD). Both methodologies were applied to buildings in Vancouver of three different construction types: single-family wood-frame houses, low-rise unreinforced masonry buildings, and high-rise concrete frame structures with concrete shear walls. The two methodologies predict damage that lies in the same general damage categories of light and moderate, which are defined by fairly broad ranges in mean damage factors. The specific mean damage factors predicted by the two methods for a given location are significantly different, however. The significant differences in mean damage factors imply significant differences in damage costs and hence in seismic risk.Key words: earthquake, damage, seismic risk, vulnerability, modified Mercalli intensity (MMI), spectral response, displacement, acceleration.

scholarly journals Environmental Overcost of Single Family Houses in Insular Context: A Comparative LCA Study of Reunion Island and France

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8937
Author(s):  
Leslie Ayagapin ◽  
Jean Philippe Praene
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
The Impact

The building and public works sector is, in France as in Europe, a major consumer of raw materials for both the manufacture of products and the construction of buildings and structures. This sector has a direct impact on the natural and built environment. This effect is even more pronounced in the case of isolated territories, such as islands. The latter have their own constraints (geographical location, production of the local grid mix) and particularities: very small territory, massive importation of goods in all fields, such as food, automobile, building, and others). In this study, we focus on the building branch of the construction industry, which covers housing (single-family houses and apartment blocks). The study is based on the analysis of about twenty single-family houses built in metropolitan France and Reunion Island. The construction standards for these two regions comply with European standards (CE) and French regulations. However, in the case of Reunion Island, a tropical island, it applies in particular to the Thermal, Acoustic, and Ventilation Regulations for New Buildings in Overseas Departments and Regions (RTAA DROM). The approach that is used for the environmental assessment of single-family homes is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), from cradle to grave. The results initially showed that there is an additional environmental cost in the construction sector between France and Reunion Island. This is initially due to the choice of origin of materials and products, which can greatly contribute to the impacts of construction. Secondly, to the use of the countries’ electricity mix, which also contributes, in part, to the impact of the construction of these single-family homes during the assembly and transformation of the products. Finally, this additional cost also differs according to the transport used (sea, air, rail, road). For the Global Warming Potential (GWP) indicator, in our study we note that the additional environmental cost is 37% higher in Reunion Island. This figure explains the additional impact of the 218 kg-CO2eq/m2 of built-up area built for Reunion Island. This study is one of the first analyses demonstrating the additional environmental cost that exists between mainland France and overseas France. Thus, the results demonstrate the importance of creating a specialized and regionalized database for the case of remote islands. Thus, this database would allow for professionals to have a precise environmental assessment, not on a national but on a regional scale. This document also provides a framework and guideline for policy decision-making in the overseas islands.

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