KAJIAN RESIKO GEMPA DENGAN PENDEKATAN METODE RAPID VISUAL SCREENING (RVS) FEMA 154 DAN 3D RESPONSE SPEKTRUM TERHADAP GEDUNG UNIVERSITAS WIJAYAKUSUMA PURWOKERTO

Gempa merupakan salah satu yang terjadi akibat kejadian pergeseran tiba-tiba dari lapisan tanah di bawah permukaan bumi. Purwokerto sebagai kota Kabupaten Banyumas adalah kota yang saat ini berusaha berkembang seperti halnya kota-kota besar lainnya yang ada di Indonesia. Gedung perkuliahan merupakan fasilitas pelayanan umum dalam hal pendidikan terhadap masyarakat Sebagai gedung perkuliahan harus mampu memberikan kelayakan dan kenyamanan sehingga aktivitas di dalam dan luar gedung perkuliahan menjadi nyaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan meninjau kerentanan beberapa bangunan yang terdapat pada Universitas Wijayakusuma terhadap gempa bumi. Untuk mengetahui kelayakan bangunan tersebut pendekatan analisa yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode RVS yang terdapat pada FEMA 154, selain itu perhitungan pembebanan dilakukan dengan pemodelan SAP 2000 dengan metode 3D Response Spektrum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gedung bertingkat pada Universitas Wijayakusuma Purwokerto aman terhadap gempa apabila dikaji dengan metode RVS, sedangkan apabila dikaji dengan metode 3D response spectrum yang sesuai dengan SNI 1726-2019 gedung-gedung tersebut kurang aman untuk waktu getar alami fundamental, tetapi untuk pembebanan ketiga gedung tersebut aman.

Evaluation of Building Vulnerability to Earthquake Using Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) Method

Indonesia is one of the countries prone to earthquakes. One of the earthquake disasters that occurred several years ago hit Palu and Donggala on September 28, 2018. It caused severe damage to infrastructure. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate buildings vulnerable to earthquakes as a form of prevention. One of the buildings in Jember, the dr. Soebandi hospital, experienced cracks in the walls during an earthquake measuring 6.0 on the Richter scale in Nusa Dua Bali on July 16, 2019. This study carried out the risk assessment of the vulnerability of buildings to earthquakes using the Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) method from FEMA P-154. RVS is a method to identify a building that is potentially vulnerable to earthquake hazards based on visual observations from the exterior and interior of the building. The results of the evaluation using the RVS method showed that the dr. Soebandi hospital is categorized as safe and not prone to earthquakes, with a potential vulnerability percentage of 0.0126%. Based on these results, the building does not require special treatment to anticipate earthquakes; however, maintaining the occupants' safety and extending the building's life requires routine maintenance.

Assessment of Seismic Building Vulnerability Using Rapid Visual Screening Method through Web-Based Application for Malaysia

Rapid visual screening is a quick and simple approach often used by researchers to estimate the seismic vulnerability of buildings in an area. In this study, preliminary seismic vulnerability assessment of 500 buildings situated at Northern and Eastern George Town, Malaysia, was carried out by utilizing a modified FEMA-154 (2002) method that suits Malaysian conditions. Data were collected from online sources via Google Maps and Google Earth instead of traditional surveying data collection through street screening. The seismic assessment analysis of this study was based on the RVS performance score and the damage state classification for each building typology. This approach generates, for each building, a final performance score based on governing parameters such as structural resisting system, height, structural irregularities, building age, and soil type. The findings revealed the immediate need for effective seismic mitigation strategies, as 90% of the studied buildings required a further detailed analyses to pinpoint their exact seismic vulnerability performance. Most of the surveyed buildings were predicted to experience moderate-to-substantial damage, with 220 out of 500 being classed as damage state 2 (D2) and damage state 3 (D3). A GIS map, “RVS Malaysian Form-George Town Area”, was generated via ArcGIS and shared with the public to provide vital information for further research.

Penilaian Kerentanan Bangunan Terhadap Gempa Bumi pada Gedung Perkuliahan Berlantai Tinggi di Yogyakarta

Yogyakarta termasuk daerah yang memiliki tingkat resiko gempa yang tinggi, sehingga dapat mengakibatkan bangunan-bangunan yang didirikan di Yogyakarta memiliki potensi terhadap kerusakan. Gempa bumi yang terjadi pada tanggal 27 Mei 2006 masih meninggalkan trauma bagi masyarakat Yogyakarta, dimana menurut BNPB (2012) gempa di Yogyakarta menimbulkan korban jiwa sebanyak 4.674, dan sebanyak 19.897 dinyatakan cedera berat. Sebagian besar korban diakibatkan karena tertimpa bangunan, serta material rumah. Gempa di yogyakarta menimbulkan kerusakan yang berat pada bangunan sebanyak 96.790, sebanyak 117.075 alami kerusakan yang sedang, serta sebanyak 156. 971 bangunan alami kerusakan yang ringan. Pendirian bangunan-bangunan baru di wilayah Yogyakarta khususnya diharapkan dapat menerapkan prinsip bangunan tahan gempa pada tahapan-tahapan pembangunan agar tingkat kerentanan terhadap gempa tidak besar, salah satunya adalah proyek pembangunan gedung Research and Innovation Center of Dasron Hamid yang sedang dalam tahap pembangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kerentanan bangunan RIC terhadap gempa menggunakan RVS (Rapid Visual Screening) berdasarkan FEMA P-154 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan observasi secara langsung di lokasi pembangunan dengan mengisi formulir FEMA P-154, bangunan yang ditinjau terdiri 8 lantai yang dilengkapi 1 lantai dasar. Formulir yang digunakan adalah tipe high seismicity yang berarti tingkat seismitas di lokasi penelitian memiliki persebaran gempa yang tinggi. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai S sebesar 2,3 dengan persentase kerentanan bangunan untuk roboh adalah 0,5%, sehingga aman terhadap gempa. Hal ini dikarenakan bangunan ini didirikan setelah adanya acuan atau code meskipun memiliki ketidakberaturan seperti vertical irregularity, dan, plan irregularity.

A Synthesized Study Based on Machine Learning Approaches for Rapid Classifying Earthquake Damage Grades to RC Buildings

A vast number of existing buildings were constructed before the development and enforcement of seismic design codes, which run into the risk of being severely damaged under the action of seismic excitations. This poses not only a threat to the life of people but also affects the socio-economic stability in the affected area. Therefore, it is necessary to assess such buildings’ present vulnerability to make an educated decision regarding risk mitigation by seismic strengthening techniques such as retrofitting. However, it is economically and timely manner not feasible to inspect, repair, and augment every old building on an urban scale. As a result, a reliable rapid screening methods, namely Rapid Visual Screening (RVS), have garnered increasing interest among researchers and decision-makers alike. In this study, the effectiveness of five different Machine Learning (ML) techniques in vulnerability prediction applications have been investigated. The damage data of four different earthquakes from Ecuador, Haiti, Nepal, and South Korea, have been utilized to train and test the developed models. Eight performance modifiers have been implemented as variables with a supervised ML. The investigations on this paper illustrate that the assessed vulnerability classes by ML techniques were very close to the actual damage levels observed in the buildings.

A Quantitative Approach to Assess Seismic Vulnerability of Touristic Accommodations: Case Study in Montreal, Canada

In many places of the world, the interruption of touristic activities in the aftermath of a catastrophic earthquake is often neglected in the evaluation of seismic risks; however, these activities can account for a significant proportion of short-term and long-term economic impacts for these regions. In the last decade, several rapid visual screening techniques have been developed to define the typology of buildings and to estimate their seismic vulnerability and potential for damage. We adapted the existing screening procedures that have been developed for generic buildings to specific circumstances that are most common for tourist accommodations. The proposed approach considered six criteria related to structural and nonstructural elements of buildings, as well as local soil conditions. A score was assigned to each criterion as a function of the capacity of the elements to resist ground shaking. A vulnerability index in four levels of building vulnerability was developed combining the scores of the six criteria. The approach was tested in a pilot area of Montreal to a set of 70 typical buildings grouped in four categories based on their accommodation capacity. In Montreal, tourism is an important source of income for the city where 351,000 room-nights were booked with total stay expenditures of CAD 4.9 billion in 2019. The results indicated potential significant disruptions in activities related to tourism; 46% of the buildings investigated have a high to very high vulnerability index. Among them, 4/5 are located in the old city and 1/5 in the downtown area of the pilot zone.

Seismic Safety Assessment of Existing Low-rise RC Buildings with Rapid Visual Screenings and Preliminary Evaluation Methods

Mandalay, the second largest city in Myanmar, is situated near the Sagaing Fault (the major fault in Myanmar) and so it’s a seismic prone area. In Mandalay region, the number of low-rise buildings is much more than that of high-rise buildings. And hence, the seismic safety assessment of low-rise building takes an important role to survive and develop Mandalay as smart city. Detailed seismic evaluation can determine the seismic performance level of the buildings and can give strategies to technically retrofit the structures. First of all, rapid visual screening and preliminary evaluation must be carried out to identify the buildings which need the detailed assessment. Thus, in this study, the rapid visual screening (RVS) and preliminary evaluation will be executed for 26 number of three to eight story RC buildings are investigated for the requirements of detailed assessment with three different RVS and preliminary evaluation methods. The methods used are FEMA P-154, Indian standards and Bangladesh methods. According to the investigation, the results given by FEMA P-154 level 1 and level 2 are more vulnerable than that of other methods. Seismic elevation using seismic index method by Bangladesh can give a reliable data for detail seismic evaluation and retrofit method.