air leakage
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Author(s):  
Zeinab Rida ◽  
Salima Kaissoun ◽  
Corinne Prevost ◽  
Thomas Gelain ◽  
Eric Climent

2022 ◽  
Vol 2150 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
A D Vodeniktov ◽  
N D Chichirova

Abstract Study presents the results of the steam surface KCS-200-2 reconstruction. In order to maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration, according to the Code of Operation for Power Plants, the steam sparger was installed in condenser hotwell. Despite the abnormal air leakage level, reducing of dissolved oxygen concentration was reached. The dissolved oxygen concentration reduced, on average, by 2 times. As it was expected, in the cases of low inlet cooling water temperature, the final oxygen concentration did not reach the normal level. In last 3 tests the dissolved oxygen concentration was reduced to 19 mg /l. The results show a possibility of described reconstruction experience.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Jiang Wang ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
Shangui Chen

Abstract Background: During the perioperative period or while in the intensive care unit, the inflation line is often cut accidentally during medical procedures or is damaged. As a result, it is not uncommon for a cuff leak to result in inadequate ventilation for the patient. The risk of using endotracheal tubes (ETTs) for secondary intubation is great, increasing the probability of respiratory tract infection and injury and even causing death in severe cases. The best method is to repair the damaged ETT to avoid secondary intubation and to ensure the safety of patients. Therefore, we recommend a practical and straightforward method to repair damage to the line or valve assembly of an endotracheal tube(ETT) and laryngeal mask airway (LMA).Methods: The distal end of a 22G vein (IV) catheter was inserted into the broken end of the inflation line. After insertion, the internal tube was withdrawn 1 mm to restore the inflation line. After 15 hours, the repaired ETT/LMA devices were tested for air leakage by measuring the pressure and load-bearing tension of the inflation line.Results: There was no difference in ETTs pressure between five intact ETTs and five repaired ETTs (Group A, ETT, mean difference = 0.2 cmH2O; 95% confidence interval 1.78 to 2.12 cmH2O; P = 0.82). When the cuff expanded to 120 cm H2O, there was no air leakage in the five ETTs after repair, and the tensile strength of the inflation line of the repaired ETTs in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (each n = 5; mean difference = 33.3N; 95% confidence interval, 27.5 to 39.1N; P <0.001). There was no difference in LMAs pressure (Group B, LMAs, mean difference = 0.4 cmH2O; 95% confidence interval: -1.8 to −2.6 cmH2O; P = 0.67). When the cuff was expanded to 120 cmH2O, there was no air leakage from the five repaired LMAs. The tensile strength of the inflation line of the repaired LMAs in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (n = 5; mean difference = −10; 95% confidence interval: −14 to −5.8 N; P = 0.001).Conclusion: When the ETT, LMA inflation line, or valve assembly is damaged or accidentally broken, an IV catheter can be directly inserted into the inflation line to quickly and effectively repair it. It is a safe and effective emergency remedial measure, which can be widely used in the clinic.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Yunxia Qiao ◽  
Xinxin Sun ◽  
Tiandan Yang ◽  
Aiying Lv ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in the treatment of severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) complicated with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods A total of 65 infants with severe MAS complicated with severe ARDS were included in the study. The clinical efficacy of treatment for the HFOV group (n = 31) and the conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) group (n = 34) was retrospectively analysed. The partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), PaO2/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), and oxygen index values before and at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after mechanical ventilation, the mechanical ventilation time, oxygen inhalation time, incidence of complications, and outcomes of the two groups were compared. Results At 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after mechanical ventilation, the PaO2 in the HFOV group was significantly higher than in the CMV group, while the PaCO2 in the HFOV group was significantly lower than in the CMV group (P < 0.05). At 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after mechanical ventilation, PaO2/FiO2 in the HFOV group was significantly higher than in the CMV group, and the OI in the HFOV group was significantly lower than in the CMV group (P < 0.05). Mechanical ventilation time, oxygen inhalation time, and the incidence of air leakage were significantly lower in the HFOV than in the CMV group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Overall, HFOV can effectively improve lung ventilation and oxygenation function, shorten ventilator treatment time, and reduce the incidence rate of air leakage for neonatal MAS, making it a safe and effective treatment option.


Author(s):  
Sepehr Foroushani

Controlling air leakage through the building envelope remains a challenge, especially in light of the imperative to transition to a net-zero energy building sector and the increasing importance of indoor air quality during extreme weather events such as wildfires. The British Columbia Energy Step Code is a performance-based compliance option in the British Columbia Building Code which is intended to provide a transition pathway to net-zero energy ready construction by 2032. For small residential buildings, performance targets entail thresholds for the measured air leakage rate through the building envelope. This paper reports on the airtightness of the first 145 single- and two-family dwellings built under the Energy Step Code in Richmond, BC. Although the first phase of the implementation of the Energy Step Code in Richmond entailed no airtightness targets (only testing), results indicate improvement compared to the historical levels of airtightness in the region.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Agee ◽  
Leila Nikdel ◽  
Sydney Roberts

AbstractThis paper provides an open dataset of measured energy use, solar energy production, and building air leakage data from a 328 m2 (3,531 ft2) all-electric, zero energy commercial building in Virginia, USA. Over two years of energy use data were collected at 1-hour intervals using circuit-level energy monitors. Over six years of solar energy production data were measured at 1-hour resolution by 56 microinverters (presented as daily and monthly data in this dataset). The building air leakage data was measured post-construction per ASTM-E779 Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization and the United States Army Corps (USACE) Building Enclosure Testing procedure; both pressurization and depressurization results are provided. The architectural and engineering (AE) documents are provided to aid researchers and practitioners in reliable modeling of building performance. The paper describes the data collection methods, cleaning, and convergence with weather data. This dataset can be employed to predict, benchmark, and calibrate operational outcomes in zero energy commercial buildings.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
D. A. Rozenko ◽  
N. D. Ushakova ◽  
S. N. Tikhonova ◽  
Yu. N. Lazutin ◽  
N. N. Popova ◽  
...  

This clinical observation demonstrates a method of a motivated use of a transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) based on fentanyl for chemical pleurodesis in a patient with prolonged air leakage after lung resection for cancer. The most common complication after elective lung resections is an alveolar-pleural fistula or prolonged air leakage. This clinical phenomenon occurs as a result of communication between the alveoli of the lung parenchyma distal to the segmental bronchus and the pleural cavity. In most cases, air leakage through the drains is eliminated spontaneously, but the frequency of prolonged pneumostasis absence in the postoperative period can reach 25 %, which has a negative effect on the outcomes of surgical interventions due to the development of pneumonia and empyema. Long-term drainage of the pleural cavity does not always end with aerostasis and requires repeated invasive interventions. One of the ways to achieve the tightness of the lung tissue involves various methods of chemical pleurodesis, which is a surgical manipulation – the introduction of a sclerosing chemical substance into the pleural cavity by spraying medical talc through a trocar or a injecting tetracycline solution into the pleural drains. The chemical causes aseptic inflammation and adhesions between the visceral and parietal pleura, followed by obliteration of the pleural cavity. The sclerosant introduction is accompanied by severe pain that can provoke respiratory and/or hemodynamic deficits, up to apnea and life-threatening heart rhythm disturbances. Pain relief during chemical pleurodesis is obviously an important factor in the prevention of a number of complications in patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer. Bolus intravenous injections of narcotic analgesics lead to an analgesic effect, but a short-term one due to the absence of a depot in the body and a sharp drop in the drug concentration in the blood serum. Unfortunately, this method of introducing narcotic drugs can cause various complications in weakened and elderly cancer patients, such as respiratory depression and cardiac arrest. The TTS action is characterized with continuous dosing and the creation of a constant concentration of the narcotic drug over a certain period of time. This method provides a multilevel and systematic approach to pain relief, reduces toxicity and minimizes the inhibition of the central mechanisms of external respiration regulation without causing respiratory and cardiac disorders in patients who underwent lung resection.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7537
Author(s):  
Piotr Lis ◽  
Anna Lis

The majority of education buildings in Poland are equipped with natural (gravity) ventilation, where the air inflow depends on the level of window airtightness. A complete statistical urban population of 50 school buildings in Czestochowa have been examined. The main issue to be clarified is the answer to the following questions: Is it theoretically possible to supply enough air to meet the ventilation requirements with gravity ventilation? What is the airtightness of the windows at which it will be possible? The average technical conditions of windows in the analysed buildings were bad. However, only in the case in which high external air leakage coefficient a = 7.0 m3/(h m daPa2/3) (q100KL = 32.4912 m3/(h m) is the amount of air passing through the leaks similar to the quantitative ventilation requirements for classrooms. The quantity of air flowing from the outside through modernized windows that meet the technical requirements (a = 0.6 to 1.0 m3/(m h daPa2/3)) covers on average only about 12% and about 21% of the ventilation needs. Without installing additional vents in the rooms, or better yet, installing mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, meeting the ventilation norm requirements will be impossible.


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