Source Control or Traditional BMPs? An Assessment of Stormwater Quality Benefits and Costs in Auckland City (New Zealand)

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Ouwejan ◽  
Roger Seyb ◽  
Greg Paterson ◽  
Matthew D. Davis ◽  
Ian Mayhew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Stormwater Quality ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Serum citrate levels in sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-592
Author(s):  
G. W. Suckling ◽  
T. W. Cutress
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
And Function

The source, control and function of serum citrate is not at present well understood. In human beings, however, a relationship between raised serum citrate levels and periodontal disease has been reported (Tsunemitsu, 1963; Simon et al. 1968). Two forms of periodontal disease have been described in sheep (Duckworth et al. 1962; Salisbury, Armstrong & Gray, 1953; Cutress & Ludwig, 1969), and are at present being studied by this organization. As part of the investigation into these conditions in sheep in New Zealand, serum citrate levels of animals from affected and unaffected flocks were determined during a period of 1 year. The results obtained showed considerable variations in serum citrate levels of the animals tested but a periodontal disease–serum citrate correlation was not found.

scholarly journals Simulating future trends in urban stormwater quality for changing climate, urban land use and environmental controls

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2082-2089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Borris ◽  
Maria Viklander ◽  
Anna-Maria Gustafsson ◽  
Jiri Marsalek
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Stormwater Quality ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Pollutant Loads ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Urban Stormwater Quality

The effects of climatic changes, progressing urbanization and improved environmental controls on the simulated urban stormwater quality in a northern Sweden community were studied. Future scenarios accounting for those changes were developed and their effects simulated with the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). It was observed that the simulated stormwater quality was highly sensitive to the scenarios, mimicking progressing urbanization with varying catchment imperviousness and area. Thus, land use change was identified as one of the most influential factors and in some scenarios, urban growth caused changes in runoff quantity and quality exceeding those caused by a changing climate. Adaptation measures, including the reduction of directly connected impervious surfaces (DCIS) through the integration of more green spaces into the urban landscape, or disconnection of DCIS were effective in reducing runoff volume and pollutant loads. Furthermore, pollutant source control measures, including material substitution, were effective in reducing pollutant loads and significantly improving stormwater quality.

Using seismic isolation and energy dissipation to create earthquake-resilient buildings

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Mayes ◽  
A. G. Brown ◽  
D. Pietra
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Earthquake Insurance ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Seismic isolation with energy dissipation is a technology that has been used in New Zealand since 1978 for bridges and buildings. During this period it has seen limited use, tending to be applied mainly to historically significant buildings, or buildings that have special functional requirements. Seismic isolation has the ability to significantly improve the seismic performance of existing buildings through a seismic retrofit, or to create new earthquake-resilient buildings. Both of these applications are of greater relevance throughout New Zealand following the Canterbury earthquakes. Consequently, the consideration of seismic isolation is no longer limited to those buildings at the top end of the Importance Level spectrum. This paper examines the broad technical issues associated with isolation and energy dissipation. It discusses the benefits and costs of seismic isolation, and presents guidelines for cost estimation at the feasibility stage of projects. We will explore the cost-benefits for building owners, and discuss whether base isolation can replace earthquake insurance for the building and its contents, and business interruption insurance.

scholarly journals SUBDIVISION: BENEFITS AND COSTS

1986 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
J.D. Squire
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Livestock Farms ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Subdivision is one of the widest used and least researched inputs on livestock farms in New Zealand. Benefits accruing from subdivision in the pasture development stages can be high, however once pastures are developed gams from additional levels may be small. Costs of subdivision have been calculated and are influenced by the size of the property, the number of paddocks and the type of fencing chosen. Keywords: subdivision, pasture development, fencing costs

The uncertain search for the diffuse silver bullet: science, policy and prospects

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Cooke ◽  
R.A. Petch
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Resource Managers

The overwhelming importance of diffuse sources as a determinant of receiving water quality has been recognised for over 30 years. Significant research and development on techniques for reducing inputs in the riparian zone has resulted in numerous guideline documents being produced. Yet despite this research effort, and the apparently successful transfer of key results to water resource managers, the public perception in New Zealand is that the quality of receiving waters continues to decline. In this paper we examine the veracity of that perception through examination of state-of-the-environment reporting, discussions with water resource managers, and published literature. Using a case study of Lake Taupo, New Zealand as an example, we discuss the difficulties faced by water resource managers in arresting declines in water quality. We compare the reduction in potential nutrient exports possible between ‘non-invasive’ mitigation techniques such as riparian buffer strips, constructed and natural wetlands and source control measures such as the use of nitrification inhibitors and wintering pads. Finally, we look at options available should voluntary measures or best management practices fail to deliver the nutrient reductions that are necessary to maintain lake water quality.

scholarly journals An inquiline deep-water bryozoan/amphipod association from New Zealand, including the description of a new genus and species of Chevaliidae

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Nina Lörz ◽  
Alan Myers ◽  
Dennis Gordon
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
First Time ◽  
Benefits And Costs

For the first time Amphipoda have been discovered living in Bryozoa. A new genus and species of the amphipod family Chevaliidae, Bryoconversor tutus gen. et sp. nov. is described from New Zealand at 530–1500 m depth. The species lives in an inquiline relationship with the cheilostome bryozoan Onchoporoides moseleyi (Calwelliidae), inhabiting an abfrontal basal coelom of the bryozoan beneath the membranous ectocyst (cuticularized epithelium) that conceals and protects the amphipods. The colony is strengthened along all edges by a unique intracoelomic rod of calcium carbonate that is formed within the marginal kenozooids of the colony. The potential benefits and costs to the bryozoan are discussed.

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