Using seismic isolation and energy dissipation to create earthquake-resilient buildings

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Mayes ◽  
A. G. Brown ◽  
D. Pietra
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Earthquake Insurance ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Seismic isolation with energy dissipation is a technology that has been used in New Zealand since 1978 for bridges and buildings. During this period it has seen limited use, tending to be applied mainly to historically significant buildings, or buildings that have special functional requirements. Seismic isolation has the ability to significantly improve the seismic performance of existing buildings through a seismic retrofit, or to create new earthquake-resilient buildings. Both of these applications are of greater relevance throughout New Zealand following the Canterbury earthquakes. Consequently, the consideration of seismic isolation is no longer limited to those buildings at the top end of the Importance Level spectrum. This paper examines the broad technical issues associated with isolation and energy dissipation. It discusses the benefits and costs of seismic isolation, and presents guidelines for cost estimation at the feasibility stage of projects. We will explore the cost-benefits for building owners, and discuss whether base isolation can replace earthquake insurance for the building and its contents, and business interruption insurance.

Seismic Isolation: History, Application, and Performance—A World View

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G. Buckle ◽  
Ronald L. Mayes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
World View ◽  
The United States ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
Practical Reality

The concept of seismic or base isolation as a means of earthquake protection seems to be more than 100 years old. However, until very recently, few structures were built using this principle. Today the concept has matured into a practical reality and is taking its place as a viable alternate to conventional (fixed base) seismic resistant construction. This paper reviews some of the history of isolation and restates the basic elements of a modern isolation system. It then proceeds to review current activity, worldwide. Progress in the United States is discussed first followed by that in China, France, Greece, Italy, Japan, New Zealand and the Soviet Union. Directories of isolated structures in the United States, New Zealand and Japan are also included. Finally the performance of a selection of these structures during actual earthquakes is given.

scholarly journals Economic performance analysis of seismic isolation, energy dissipation, and traditional seismic structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 01032
Author(s):  
Shu-jiang Jiang ◽  
Shun-zhong Yao ◽  
De-wen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Seismic Resistance ◽  
Seismic Structure ◽  
Dissipation Structure ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Countryside ◽  
Building Standards ◽  
Seismic Damping

The construction of a new countryside requires a compr hensive improvement in the building standards of villages and towns, and the seismic resistance of buildings in earthquake-prone areas has attracted much attention. Due to the backward economic development of villages and towns, the development of seismic isolation structure and energy dissipation structure is hindered. To build houses with better seismic performance, the economic efficiency of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures has become a matter of close concern to the local people and the government. This article compares the economic differences between the original seismic structure, the base isolation structure, and the seismic damping structure from the costs incurred during the entire life cycle of the building, and provides economic reference for the new rural seismic isolation building.

The Economics of Seismic Isolation in Buildings

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Mayes ◽  
Lindsay R. Jones ◽  
Trevor E. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Earthquake Insurance ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Studies

Seismic isolation is a design technique that offers significant benefits in appropriate applications, and interest in its application continues to grow. The two key issues that must be addressed early in the design phase of a project are the technical and economic feasibility issues. This paper focuses on the economic issues, and discusses the four principal cost factors that should be evaluated. These being construction costs, earthquake insurance premiums, physical damage that must be repaired and disruption costs, loss of market share and potential liability. The paper includes a summary of first cost studies on both new and existing buildings. It also discusses methods of estimating the difference in the cost of earthquake damage using different construction techniques.

scholarly journals Base isolation design and analysis for the 7-story apartment building “Stepanakert-sections-4-5” with R/C monolithic load-bearing walls and asymmetric plan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 047-056
Author(s):  
Mikayel G. Melkumyan
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Apartment Building ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Seismic Code ◽  
Fitness Clubs ◽  
Manufacturing Testing ◽  
Isolation Systems ◽  
The Cost

In recent years seismic isolation technologies in Armenia were extensively applied in construction of multi-story residential, medical, hotel, airport, and business center complexes with parking floors and with floors envisaged for offices, shopping centers, fitness clubs, etc. To date there are 55 seismic isolated buildings in the country newly constructed or retrofitted by base or roof isolation systems. Of this number of buildings 48 were erected thanks to the works of the author of this paper and in nowadays Armenia is well known as a country where seismic (base and roof) isolation systems are widely implemented in civil construction. The number of seismically isolated buildings per capita in Armenia is one of the highest in the world – second after Japan. The paper given below emphasizes achievements also in local manufacturing/testing of seismic isolation laminated rubber-steel bearings (SILRSBs). Several remarkable projects on construction of base isolated buildings are briefly mentioned in the paper to demonstrate the experience accumulated in Armenia. Based on the gained experience further developments take place and unique base isolation structural concepts and technologies created by the author are applied more and more in construction of new buildings. In this paper base isolation design and analysis by the Armenian Seismic Code for the 7-story apartment building to be constructed in Stepanakert is described. This will be a first application of base isolation technology to a building the bearing system of which consists of reinforced concrete (R/C) monolithic load-bearing walls and building has an asymmetric plan. It is stated that suggested seismic isolation strategy will reduce the cost of construction of the given building on about 35% in comparison with the cost of conventional construction. Obtained results indicate the high effectiveness of the proposed structural concept of isolation system and the need for further improvement of Seismic Code provisions regarding the values of the reduction factors.

scholarly journals Methodology for the Concept Design of Locally Reinforced Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7246
Author(s):  
Julius Moritz Berges ◽  
Georg Jacobs ◽  
Sebastian Stein ◽  
Jonathan Sprehe
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Cost Weight ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽  
The Cost

Locally load-optimized fiber-based composites, the so-called tailored textiles (TT), offer the potential to reduce weight and cost compared to conventional fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP). However, the design of TT has a higher complexity compared to FRP. Current approaches, focusing on solving this complexity for multiple objectives (cost, weight, stiffness), require great effort and calculation time, which makes them unsuitable for serial applications. Therefore, in this paper, an approach for the efficient creation of simplified TT concept designs is presented. By combining simplified models for structural design and cost estimation, the most promising concepts, regarding the cost, weight, and stiffness of TT parts, can be identified. By performing a parameter study, the cost, weight, and stiffness optima of a sample part compared to a conventional FRP component can be determined. The cost and weight were reduced by 30% for the same stiffness. Applying this approach at an early stage of product development reduces the initial complexity of the subsequent detailed engineering design, e.g., by applying methods from the state of the art.

Locking down behavioural compliance: The role of emotion and emotion regulation in breaches of COVID-19 mitigation measures in Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532110299
Author(s):  
Terise Broodryk ◽  
Kealagh Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Insight Into

Although anxiety and worry can motivate engagement with COVID-19 preventative behaviours, people may cognitively reframe these unpleasant emotions, restoring wellbeing at the cost of public health behaviours. New Zealand young adults ( n = 278) experiencing nationwide COVID-19 lockdown reported their worry, anxiety, reappraisal and lockdown compliance. Despite high knowledge of lockdown policies, 92.5% of participants reported one or more policy breaches ( M  = 2.74, SD = 1.86). Counter to predictions, no relationships were found between anxiety or worry with reappraisal or lockdown breaches. Findings highlight the importance of targeting young adults in promoting lockdown compliance and offer further insight into the role of emotion during a pandemic.

scholarly journals Are Multi-Language Design Smells Fault-Prone? An Empirical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-56
Author(s):  
Mouna Abidi ◽  
Md Saidur Rahman ◽  
Moses Openja ◽  
Foutse Khomh
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Language Design ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Code Smells ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Design Smells ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fault Proneness

Nowadays, modern applications are developed using components written in different programming languages and technologies. The cost benefits of reuse and the advantages of each programming language are two main incentives behind the proliferation of such systems. However, as the number of languages increases, so do the challenges related to the development and maintenance of these systems. In such situations, developers may introduce design smells (i.e., anti-patterns and code smells) which are symptoms of poor design and implementation choices. Design smells are defined as poor design and coding choices that can negatively impact the quality of a software program despite satisfying functional requirements. Studies on mono-language systems suggest that the presence of design smells may indicate a higher risk of future bugs and affects code comprehension, thus making systems harder to maintain. However, the impact of multi-language design smells on software quality such as fault-proneness is yet to be investigated. In this article, we present an approach to detect multi-language design smells in the context of JNI systems. We then investigate the prevalence of those design smells and their impacts on fault-proneness. Specifically, we detect 15 design smells in 98 releases of 9 open-source JNI projects. Our results show that the design smells are prevalent in the selected projects and persist throughout the releases of the systems. We observe that, in the analyzed systems, 33.95% of the files involving communications between Java and C/C++ contain occurrences of multi-language design smells. Some kinds of smells are more prevalent than others, e.g., Unused Parameters , Too Much Scattering , and Unused Method Declaration . Our results suggest that files with multi-language design smells can often be more associated with bugs than files without these smells, and that specific smells are more correlated to fault-proneness than others. From analyzing fault-inducing commit messages, we also extracted activities that are more likely to introduce bugs in smelly files. We believe that our findings are important for practitioners as it can help them prioritize design smells during the maintenance of multi-language systems.

Keynote

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Ingo Weber
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Application Developers

Blockchain is a novel distributed ledger technology. Through its features and smart contract capabilities, a wide range of application areas opened up for blockchain-based innovation [5]. In order to analyse how concrete blockchain systems as well as blockchain applications are used, data must be extracted from these systems. Due to various complexities inherent in blockchain, the question how to interpret such data is non-trivial. Such interpretation should often be shared among parties, e.g., if they collaborate via a blockchain. To this end, we devised an approach codify the interpretation of blockchain data, to extract data from blockchains accordingly, and to output it in suitable formats [1, 2]. This work will be the main topic of the keynote. In addition, application developers and users of blockchain applications may want to estimate the cost of using or operating a blockchain application. In the keynote, I will also discuss our cost estimation method [3, 4]. This method was designed for the Ethereum blockchain platform, where cost also relates to transaction complexity, and therefore also to system throughput.

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