Effect of Secondary Infrared Irradiation on the Photoelectron Energy Distribution Curve of Cesiated Silicon

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 2181-2184
Author(s):  
Atsuko Ebina ◽  
Tatsuo Sakaue ◽  
Tadashi Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Infrared Irradiation ◽  
Photoelectron Energy ◽  
Energy Distribution Curve

scholarly journals The β-particle emission of radium D

1931 ◽  
Vol 133 (822) ◽  
pp. 367-380 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Particle Emission ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Energy Distribution Curve ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Number Of Particles

The main object of this investigation was to obtain an energy distribution curve for the electrons emitted by radium D during its disintegration. Such a distribution curve may be expected to be made up by the electrons coming from the nucleus, which have a continuous distribution of energy, together with secondary particles forming groups of homogeneous energy, produced by the action of the single γ-ray of radium D. The nuclear electrons are of great interest because owing to their very low energy they have never been identified with any certainty. The energy distribution finally obtained is shown in fig. 4, each point on the curve representing the number of particles having energies lying within 1000 volts on either side of the point. A secondary object of the work was to attempt to estimate the absolute number of particles emitted per disintegration, which number should, of course, be unity for the nuclear particles and some fraction less than unity for the secondary groups. The latter are due to the ejection of electrons from the L and outer atomic levels only, since the energy of the γ-ray, 47,200 volts, is insufficient to ionise the K level.

Quantitative Auger and XPS Analysis of Thin Films

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Slaughter ◽  
W. Weber ◽  
Gernot Güntherodt ◽  
Charles M. Falco
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Auger Electrons ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Distribution Curve

In 1925, P. Auger first observed the so-called Auger electrons in a Wilson cloud chamber. He explained this occurrence as being due to a radiationless transition in atoms excited by a primary x-ray photon source. In 1953, Lander first pointed out that Auger electrons arising from solid samples can be detected in the energy distribution curve of secondary electrons from surfaces subjected to electron bombardment. Moreover, low-energy Auger electrons (∼1 keV kinetic energy) can escape from only the first several atomic layers of a surface since they are strongly absorbed by even a monolayer of atoms. Thus Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) possesses high surface sensitivity. This is one characteristic that makes AES very useful for the study of thin films. For such applications, an important development in AES occurred when Harris showed that the sensitivity of the detection of Auger electrons can be improved by differentiating the electron energy distribution curve with respect to the energy. Furthermore, Weber and Johnson demonstrated that, provided the Auger line profile does not change, the peak-to-peak height in the differentiated energy distribution curves is proportional to the Auger current in the peak. Therefore, in addition to its surface sensitivity, AES also can be used for quantitative studies of thin films.Like AES, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface-sensitive technique that uses the energy distribution of electrons ejected from a thin film for quantitative analysis. However, in many ways the information provided by AES and XPS is complementary.

QUASIPARTICLES IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (04n06) ◽  
pp. 578-583
Author(s):  
ROBERTA CITRO ◽  
MARIA MARINARO ◽  
K. NAKAGAWA
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Hubbard Model ◽  
Spectral Function ◽  
Momentum Distribution ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
Quantum Criticality ◽  
Energy Distribution Curve ◽  
Coupling Approach

We study the quantum criticality effects induced by a singular charge vertex on the quasiparticle spectral function of an extended single-band Hubbard model. It is shown that the spectral intensity computed in a strong-coupling approach, reproduces the Momentum Distribution Curve (MDC) and the Energy Distribution Curve (EDC) of ARPES experiments on Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ.

scholarly journals Photoelectron energy distribution and spin polarization from activated gallium arsenide

1983 ◽  
Vol 44 (24) ◽  
pp. 1027-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Drouhin ◽  
C. Hermann ◽  
M. Eminyan ◽  
G. Lampel
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Arsenide ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Spin Polarization ◽  
Photoelectron Energy

scholarly journals The colorimetric properties of the spectrum

1931 ◽  
Vol 108 (759) ◽  
pp. 576-576 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Curve ◽  
National Physical Laboratory ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
Luminosity Functions ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Energy Distribution Curve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
General Method

The paper describes an investigation carried out at the National Physical Laboratory to determine the colorimetric properties of a group of seven subjects as obtained from direct measurements of the trichromatic coefficients of the spectrum on a trichromatic colorimeter. The “spectral distribution curves of the primaries,” by means of which the colorimetric quality of a heterochromatic stimulus may be computed from its energy distribution curve, are obtained by combining the experimentally determined trichromatic coefficients with the International Standard visibility curve. This procedure is a simplification, applicable to the mean results of a normal group, of a general method by which the chromatic and luminosity functions of any subject or group of subjects can be determined from one set of observations. The general method is described in an Appendix.

scholarly journals The β-ray spectrum of Ra E

1939 ◽  
Vol 170 (941) ◽  
pp. 190-205 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Curve ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Limit ◽  
Total Change ◽  
High Energy Limit ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Energy Electrons ◽  
Energy Distribution Curve ◽  
Chamber Measurements

Interest in the continuous β-ray spectrum has been revived during the past few years by the discovery of induced β-ray activity and the difficulty which has been experienced in incorporating an account of the phenomenon in the theory of the nucleus. Attention has been focused on two features of the spectrum: the high-energy limit, the accurate measurement of which yields the total change in nuclear energy associated with the β disintegration, and the form of the energy distribution curve, which is discriminative in theories of the β-ray emission process. Owing to the convenience of R aE as a source, the β-ray spectrum of this element has received considerable attention, and a comprehensive table of previous work published in a recent paper by O’Conor (1937) shows that recent values of the high-energy limit obtained with magnetic spectrometers are in fair agreement. The form of the R aE spectrum, however, is still not known with any certainty. This can be made clear with the help of Table I, which sets out the results and significant experimental details of the work carried out since 1935 with magnetic spectrometers. Some recent work with cloud expansion chambers is not included because the results are rather discordant. With the relatively low energy electrons of R aE and the high probability of nuclear collisions in the chamber, measurements of the energies of the β-particles are extremely difficult, and the results are probably not as reliable as those obtained with magnetic spectrometers.

Measurement of the daytime photoelectron energy distribution from AE-E with improved energy resolution

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 581-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Lee ◽  
J. P. Doering ◽  
C. O. Bostrom ◽  
T. A. Potemra
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Photoelectron Energy
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