Consensus and Dissension among Contemporary Environmental Activists: Preservationists and Conservationists in the US and Canadian Context

Scholars have identified crimmigration – or the criminalization of “irregular” migration in law – as a key issue affecting migrant access to justice in contemporary immigrant-receiving societies. Yet the gendered and racialized implications of crimmigration for diverse migrant populations remains underdeveloped in this literature. This study advances a feminist intersectional approach to crimmigration and migrant justice in Canada. I add to recent research showing how punitive immigration controls disproportionately affect racialized men from the global south, constituting what Golash-Boza and Hondagneu-Sotelo have called a “gendered racial removal program” (2013). In my study, I shift analytical attention to consider the effects of the contemporary crimmigration system on migrant women survivors of gender-based violence. While such cases constitute a small sub-group within a larger population of migrants in detention, nevertheless scholarly attention to this group can expose the multiple axes along which state power is enacted – an analytical strategy that foundational scholars like Crenshaw (1991) used to theorize “structural intersectionality” in the US. In focusing on crimmigration in the Canadian context, I draw attention to the growing nexus between migration, security, and gender-based violence that has emerged alongside other processes of crimmigration. I then provide a case analysis of the 2013 death while in custody of Lucía Dominga Vega Jiménez, an “undocumented” migrant woman from Mexico. My analysis illustrates how migrant women’s strategies to survive gender-based violence are re-cast as grounds for their detention and removal, constituting what I argue is a criminalization of survivorship.The research overall demonstrates the centrality of gendered and racialized structural violence in crimmigration processes by challenging more universalist approaches to migrant justice.

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Social Movement Diffusion? The Case of Disability Protests in the US and Canada

Disability Studies Quarterly ◽

10.18061/dsq.v28i1.70 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sharon N. Barnartt

Keyword(s):

Social Structure ◽

Social Movement ◽

Disability Services ◽

Single Issue ◽

The Social ◽

The Us ◽

Canadian Context

This paper asks if disability protests in Canada diffused from similar protests in the US or if they sprang up independently. It analyzes 1215 American protests and 177 Canadian protests which occurred between 1970 and 2005. It shows that Canadian protests began later than protests in the US, are more likely than American protests to be impairment-specific, are more likely to have demands in which focus on services as opposed to rights and are more likely to target provincial governments. Explanations include the effect of several notable protest successes and the development of multiple-impairment, single-issue organizations in the American context, and the social structure of disability services at the local or provincial levels in the Canadian context. The paper concludes that Canadian protests did not occur because of American protests or diffuse from them.

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Statute-Based Protections for Research Participant Confidentiality: Implications of the US Experience for Canada

Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société ◽

10.1017/cls.2018.24 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 381-400

Author(s):

Ted Palys ◽

James L. Turk ◽

John Lowman

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Common Law ◽

Research Participant ◽

The United States ◽

Research Participants ◽

The Us ◽

Canadian Context

AbstractMany types of vital research require protection of communication and information provided confidentially by research participants. In Canada, apart from information collected under the Statistics Act, the only option is a common law balancing test that creates uncertainty insofar as law is made after the fact. This paper explores the option of statute-based protection from the outset. It examines two such protections that have been in place in the United States for decades—revealing their strengths and weaknesses and how they may be applied in the Canadian context.

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THE IMAGINED INDEPENDENCE OF CANADA’S INTERNET

AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research ◽

10.5210/spir.v2021i0.11941 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kayla Hilstob

Keyword(s):

Cold War ◽

Network Protocols ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Primary Sources ◽

Internet Infrastructure ◽

Canadian Armed Forces ◽

Communications Network ◽

The Us ◽

Canadian Context ◽

Canadian Military

Internet scholars are uncovering and connecting military, political and cultural histories of early internets across the globe, including in the US, (Abbate 1999), Chile (Medina 2011) and France (Mailland & Driscoll 2016), respectively. All three approaches inform this history, exploring the Canadian context. On the recommendation of US counterparts at NORAD, a top-secret whitepaper recommended Canada develop a distributed communications network (NORAD 1965), which became SAMSON: Strategic Automatic Message Switching Operational Network. SAMSON developed into an internet, though riddled with a series of setbacks beginning almost immediately, until it was disbanded in 1984. (Canadian Armed Forces 1985). This paper investigates Canada’s internet infrastructural technopolitics through Larkin’s framework of questioning how they “emerge out of and store within them forms of desire and fantasy” (2013, 329). Specifically, it asks how the design, equipment, and network protocols of this Canadian internet embodied the imaginary of Canadian independence from 1965 to 1984, drawing on primary sources from the unpublished documents of the Canadian Armed Forces that have since been declassified. The emergence of the early Canadian internet occurred during a political renewal. At a time of pushback against American and British influence, the Canadian military rejected cooperation with the US, and focused on internal threats over Cold War rivalries (Hatt 1984). By design the Canadian internet was a security apparatus, but the technopolitics embedded in the system dictate who is to be secured against whom. This paper asks how this history persists in Canada’s internet infrastructure today.

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Automobile Commuting in Suburban High-Rise Condominium Apartments: Examining Transitions toward Suburban Sustainability in Toronto

Urban Planning ◽

10.17645/up.v3i4.1645 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 15-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Markus Moos ◽

Jonathan Woodside ◽

Tara Vinodrai ◽

Cyrus Yan

Keyword(s):

Census Data ◽

Environmental Concerns ◽

Demographic Groups ◽

High Rise ◽

The Us ◽

Canadian Context ◽

Statistics Canada ◽

In Transit ◽

Commuting Patterns ◽

Automobile Use

While North American suburbs remain largely dispersed and auto-dependent, they are also increasingly heterogeneous. Although some suburbs have long been punctuated with high-rise developments, for instance rental apartments in the Canadian context, there are now a growing number of new high-rise condominium developments in suburban settings in both the US and Canada. While much is known about downtown high-rise condominium developments, there has of yet been little to no analysis of this trend in the suburbs. We offer such an analysis using Statistics Canada census data from 2016 in the Toronto metropolitan area. We focus on commuting patterns as an indicator of auto-dependence to test whether suburbs with larger shares of new high-rise condominium apartments (high-rise condo clusters) exhibit lower shares of auto commuting. The focus on auto-dependence is important because development and land use plans commonly use environmental concerns arising from heavy automobile use as a rationale for high-rise development. Our findings suggest that in Toronto suburban high-rise condo clusters offer a less auto-intensive way of living in the suburbs than traditionally has been the case in the suburban ownership market. However, this seems to be limited to particular demographic groups, such as smaller households; and suburban high-rise condos are not an evident sign of a broader transition toward suburban sustainability among the population as a whole in the Toronto case. The potential for transitions toward suburban sustainability could be enhanced with greater investments in transit infrastructure and building higher density mid-rise and ground-oriented dwellings that accommodate larger households still commonly found in low-density, auto-dependent suburbs.

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Evidence-Based Spiritual Care Practice in the Canadian Context: Twenty Years Later

Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling Advancing theory and professional practice through scholarly and reflective publications ◽

10.1177/1542305019843239 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 88-95

Author(s):

Erin Snider ◽

Ayse Erenay ◽

Thomas St. James O’Connor ◽

Colleen Dotzert ◽

Stephanie Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spiritual Care ◽

Evidence Based Medicine ◽

Evidence Based Practice ◽

Future Research ◽

Care Practice ◽

Evidence Based ◽

The Us ◽

Canadian Context ◽

Based Medicine ◽

Professional Disciplines

Reviews developments, strengths and challenges in evidence-based spiritual care practice (EBSCP) using a hermeneutical method which compares and interprets a variety of written texts. EBSCP originated from evidence-based medicine (EBM) developed at McMaster University and was adopted as evidence-based practice (EBP) by multiple professional disciplines. EBSCP was first addressed in Canada and American spiritual care researchers in the US have since advanced EBSCP. Questions are raised about processes of integrating EBSCP in a Canadian context as well as areas for future research.

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Medicolegal basics and update on transvaginal mesh in Canada

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.4580 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (6S2) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Brock Hengel ◽

Blayne Welk ◽

Richard J. Baverstock

Keyword(s):

Pelvic Organ ◽

Class Action ◽

Transvaginal Mesh ◽

Legal Proceedings ◽

Legal Advice ◽

The Us ◽

Canadian Context ◽

Health Canada ◽

Female Pelvic Medicine ◽

American Urogynecologic Society

In recent years, midurethral slings (MUS) and transvaginal mesh procedures have experienced blazing growth and popularity. However, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health Canada regulatory advisories threw water on that fire and created a confusing environment surrounding their continued usage. MUS usage has continued in Canada and transvaginal mesh kits for pelvic organ prolapse have become a rarity. Several large organizations (the Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine and Urogenital Reconstruction [SUFU], the American Urogynecologic Society [AUGS], and the Canadian Urological Association [CUA]) have developed “mesh statements” to clarify the issues surrounding mesh for patients and medical professionals; however, often the legal system sees things differently in either individual cases or class action lawsuits. In this update, some medicolegal basics are outlined and Canadian context on legal proceedings are highlighted. This summary does not constitute legal advice and physicians should contact experts in legal matters for help with consents, complaints, litigation, or questions.

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The Eleventh Circuit Holds that Agreements in which Pharmaceutical Companies Pay Generic Companies Not to Compete May be Valid

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1017/s107311050000749x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 181-184

Author(s):

Amy Garrigues

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Companies ◽

Court Decisions ◽

Patent Holder ◽

Trial Court ◽

Court Of Appeals ◽

The Us ◽

Antitrust Laws ◽

Per Se ◽

Appeals Court ◽

Two Sides

On September 15, 2003, the US. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit held that agreements between pharmaceutical and generic companies not to compete are not per se unlawful if these agreements do not expand the existing exclusionary right of a patent. The Valley DrugCo.v.Geneva Pharmaceuticals decision emphasizes that the nature of a patent gives the patent holder exclusive rights, and if an agreement merely confirms that exclusivity, then it is not per se unlawful. With this holding, the appeals court reversed the decision of the trial court, which held that agreements under which competitors are paid to stay out of the market are per se violations of the antitrust laws. An examination of the Valley Drugtrial and appeals court decisions sheds light on the two sides of an emerging legal debate concerning the validity of pay-not-to-compete agreements, and more broadly, on the appropriate balance between the seemingly competing interests of patent and antitrust laws.

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