Regulation and Liberalisation in the UK Scheduled Airline Industry

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
B J Graham
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Industry Competitiveness ◽  
The Uk

The general aims of the paper are, first, to discuss the role of the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) as a regulator of the UK scheduled airline industry, prior to the implementation of European Community liberalisation of air transport on 1 January 1993. Second, the reactions of the industry itself to CAA policies are examined. Prior to a detailed consideration of the principles which illuminated the CAA's strategy, the constraints upon that policy are elaborated. Largely, these derive from the characteristics of airline economics and also from the UK government's commitment to privatisation, even at the expense of industry competitiveness. The three principles constituting the CAA's strategy—namely, the multi-airline industry, the primacy of long-term user benefits, and the promotion of a profitable UK airline industry—which were implemented primarily through a process of route licensing, are discussed in turn. It is concluded that user benefits have been realised from the CAA's regulation of both the structure and the behaviour of the industry, although a more pronounced latter-day emphasis on competition is detected. This may be related to the advent of European liberalisation which places only the most modest constraints on carriers' rights to fly whichever routes they wish.

The Economics of Air Traffic Control

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Angus Hislop
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk

This paper is based mainly on a study carried out in 1976/7 for the UK Department of Industry into the long-term development of air traffic control systems in Europe by a team drawn from the Civil Aviation Authority, the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment and private industry, in which Coopers and Lybrand provided the economic expertise.Until the early 1970s, air traffic control was almost completely neglected by air transport economists. Economists contributed to the planning of airports and airline operations but not to the third facet of the air transport system. However, in 1970–1, in conjunction with a programme of expansion and improvement of the country's airports and airways, the US Department of Transportation launched a major study of the airport and airways system. This was designed to establish an equitable charging policy between the different categories of user but in the event its recommendations in this area have only recently begun to be followed.

scholarly journals Air transport liberalisation in the European Union and its impact on development of the civil aviation sector in Poland

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Pisarek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
European Community ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Traffic Dynamics ◽  
Structure Changes

The objective of this paper is to present an overview of the process of air transport liberalisation within the European Community and its influence on development of the aviation market in Poland. The paper describes the stages of air transport liberalisation in the European Community and its implementation to the Polish market. The special focus is given to problems of existing effects of air transport liberalisation and perspectives of its development. The study primarily intends to examine market structure changes of the Polish civil aviation sector and air traffic dynamics over the years of Polish integration with the European Union, presenting the most up-to-date available statistics

The context of healthcare

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Health Profile ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Uk

This chapter begins by covering the UK health profile, then defines the key concepts in primary care and public health, and outlines the generic long-term conditions model. It provides a brief overview of the National Health Service, including differences in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. It covers current NHS entitlements for people from overseas, commissioning of services, and public health in a broader context. It also describes health needs assessment, and provides an overview of the services in primary care, the role of general practice, and other primary healthcare services. Further services, including those to prevent unplanned hospital admission, aid hospital discharge, those that support children and families, housing, social support, and care homes are all covered.

Geospatial data in the UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Jozefowicz ◽  
Merlin Stone ◽  
Eleni Aravopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Western Country ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain the rise of geospatial data, its importance for business and some of the problems associated with its development and use. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews a certain amount of previously published literature but is based mainly on analysis of the very large number of responses to a consultation paper on geospatial data published by the UK Government. Findings The findings are that while there is strong appreciation of the potential benefits of using geospatial data, there are many barriers to the development, sharing and use of geospatial data, ranging from problems of incompatibility in data definitions and systems to regulatory issues. The implication for governments and for providers and users of geospatial data relates to the need to take a long-term approach to planning in resolving the issues identified. Research limitations/implications The research findings are limited to the UK, but similar findings would be likely in any other large Western country. Practical implications This paper confirms the need for a strong and coherent approach to the planning of geospatial data and systems for the establishment of a clear basis for the different parties to work together and the need to clearly separate the roles of the government in establishing frameworks and standards and the role of the private sector in developing applications and solutions. Social implications Society is increasingly dependent on the use of geospatial data, in improving living standards and dealing with social problems. The recommendations identified in this paper, if followed, will facilitate these improvements. Originality/value The value of this paper is the tight synthesis that it provides of a wide ranging and complex range of responses to the UK Government consultation and placing these responses in the wider context of the development of geospatial data.

scholarly journals Translation, Copyright & Authority

Pólemos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right

Abstract The UK copyright law regime presents the right to adapt as the sole, authoritative instrument in matters of legitimising translation; a legal “Big Other” conferring an otherwise unreal objective commodity status on what are instead always only ever individual and subjective acts of translation. Drawing primarily on the work of Theo Hermans, and the experiences of poet Jack Underwood in unsuccessfully attempting to formally translate poems by Mascha Kaléko, this article argues for (a) the development and (at the very least) implicit recognition of deviationist and subversive translative replies within – or at the very least alongside – the traditional UK legal schema and (b) a softening of the UK right to adapt by application of the integrity moral right to translations. In addition, a deeper quasi-Ungerian notion of institutional change that accommodates both principles (e. g. legitimate translations can, of course, be argued to exist, to which copyright accords) and counterprinciples (there are also, however, in the long term only multiple acts of translation, some preferred and commoditized, some existing outside that sphere, less functional and more creative/expressive but no less important and not to be prevented for those reasons) can also be advanced. Finally, a much broader critical point regarding the nature and role (or non-role) of law in the context of creative practices more generally can also be presented.

Work and Welfare Benefits: Social Security, Employment and Unemployment in the 1990s

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eithne McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Social Security Policy

ABSTRACTThis paper considers social security policy and structures in relation to the labour market of the late 1980s and 1990s. The paper begins by describing the labour market of the late 1980s and summarising projective descriptions of labour demand in the 1990s. The second section of the paper reports on recent research examining the labour supply behaviour of long term unemployed people, drawing out the role of social security policy and structures therein. The third section of the paper concludes that the role of social security policy is at present essentially reactive rather than proactive; that it does little to address the likely need for labour of certain kinds in the 1990s; and that efforts to address the problem of long term unemployment through social security policy have been largely misdirected. The final section of the paper briefly considers some of the ways in which social security systems can be more proactive and suggests a number of both short term and longer term policy changes which research indicates would be of benefit in the UK.

Knowledge Utilisation in AgriFood SMEs: Effects of Organisational and Informational Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 235-248
Author(s):  
David Eshun Yawson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Partial Least Squares Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Knowledge Utilisation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Role Of Information

Given the critical role of information and marketing in SME management it is surprising that little attention has been paid to the salient factors that motivate or inhibits consumer information used by agrifood SMEs. A model of organisational and informational factors affecting knowledge utilisation in Agri-food SMEs is presented and empirically tested through partial least squares analysis via SmartPLS. The results of the empirical testing of the conceptual model provide evidence to indicate that functional and technical qualities, provider-user interaction and usefulness in the market environment are determinants of knowledge utilisation. The findings of this study have implications for agri-food SME management in the UK regarding their growth and competitiveness in the medium and long term.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency, resilience to future climates and long-term sustainability: the role of the built environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1914) ◽  
pp. 1083-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
The Uk

Just under half of all energy consumption in the UK today takes place indoors, and over a quarter within our homes. The challenges associated with energy security, climate change and sustainable consumption will be overcome or lost in our existing buildings. A background analysis, and the scale of the engineering challenge for the next three to four decades, is described in this paper.

The role of autonomy in explaining mental ill-health and depression among older people in long-term care settings

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERALDINE BOYLE
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Domiciliary Care ◽  
Private Households ◽  
National Service Framework ◽  
The Uk

This paper examines the extent of mental ill-health and probable depression among older people in long-term care. It presents selected findings from a study in Greater Belfast, Northern Ireland, that compared the quality of life, autonomy and mental health of older people living in nursing and residential homes with those of older people living in private households who were receiving domiciliary care. Structured interviews were conducted with 214 residents in institutions and 44 older people receiving domiciliary care. The study found that those in private households were more severely physically-impaired and had a higher level of mental ill-health than the residents of institutional homes. It is suggested, however, that the mental ill-health effects were associated less with physical impairments than with the restrictions placed on the older person's decisional autonomy, and that long-term care environments that constrain the older person's autonomy contribute to the development of depression. Although the UK National Service Framework for Older People specified that those with depression should be given treatment and support, priority should also be given to preventing the depression associated with living in long-term care settings.

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