The Photochemical and Radiation-chemical Stability of Molecules. Unimolecular Reactions Involving the Abstraction of a Hydrogen Atom

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
V G Plotnikov ◽  
Aleksandr A Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Unimolecular Reactions ◽  
Radiation Chemical

Polanyi rules for ultrafast unimolecular reactions: simulations for HCo(CO)4(1E)* .fwdarw. hydrogen atom + cobalt tetracarbonyl

1993 ◽  
Vol 97 (48) ◽  
pp. 12485-12490 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Daniel ◽  
M. C. Heitz ◽  
L. Lehr ◽  
J. Manz ◽  
T. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Unimolecular Reactions

Radiation-chemical stability of TBP in solutions of hydrocarbons

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 946-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Barelko ◽  
I. P. Solyanina ◽  
Z. I. Tsvetkova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Radiation Chemical

Radiation chemical data in water using nitrous oxide

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (18) ◽  
pp. 2051-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Head ◽  
D. C. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Chemical ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Small Doses

By using small doses and very low dose rates, it is shown that in the γ-irradiation of water ~ 8 × 10−5M nitrous oxide completely scavenges eaq− in the absence of other additives and gives a yield G(eaq−) = 2.45 ± 0.1. When used at concentrations of ~ 15 mM, N2O scavenges a second species having a yield G = 0.65 ± 0.1, which can probably be attributed to a hydrated hydrogen atom species resulting from the reaction of eaq– with H3O+ within the spur. Previous studies on the competition between N2O and Haq+ for eaq− have been conducted at concentrations of N2O much too high for simple competition to be valid, which probably accounts for the erratic results obtained. This paper reports on the competition studied at ~ 10−4 M. The results cannot be interpreted either in terms of a simple competition or by one, or both, of the immediate products reacting with either of the additives. The data can only be rationalized by assuming that in acid solution N2O is converted to a species, tentatively suggested to be H2N2O2, which reacts with eaq− 5 times more slowly than does N2Oaq at pH 7.

Role of the exosporial membrane in attachment and germination of C. sporogenes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
B.J. Panessa-Warren ◽  
G.T. Tortora ◽  
J.B. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Clostridium Sporogenes ◽  
Radiation Chemical ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Extended Contact ◽  
Cold Pressure

Some bacteria are capable of forming highly resistant spores when environmental conditions are not adequate for growth. Depending on the genus and species of the bacterium, these endospores are resistant in varying degrees to heat, cold, pressure, enzymatic degradation, ionizing radiation, chemical sterilants,physical trauma and organic solvents. The genus Clostridium, responsible for botulism poisoning, tetanus, gas gangrene and diarrhea in man, produces endospores which are highly resistant. Although some sporocides can kill Clostridial spores, the spores require extended contact with a sporocidal agent to achieve spore death. In most clinical situations, this extended period of treatment is not possible nor practical. This investigation examines Clostridium sporogenes endospores by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy under various dormant and growth conditions, cataloging each stage in the germination and outgrowth process, and analyzing the role played by the exosporial membrane in the attachment and germination of the spore.

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