Australian Soil Classification

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Isbell
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Studies ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Australian Soil ◽  
Nation System

The Australian Soil Classification provides a framework for organising knowledge about Australian soils. It provides a means of communication among scientists and land managers. It is useful for those involved in environmental studies and for teachers of soil science. Since its publication in 1996, the Australian Soil Classification has been widely adopted and formally endorsed as the official nation system. It has proven to be of particular value in land resource survey and research programs. This revised edition includes some significant changes to the Tenosol soil order and these will substantially improve the utility of the system in southern and western parts of the continent.

Australian Soil Classification

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Isbell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
National System ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Sulfate Soils ◽  
Australian Soil

The Australian Soil Classification provides a framework for organising knowledge about Australian soils by allocating soils to classes via a key. Since its publication in 1996, this book has been widely adopted and formally endorsed as the official national system. It has provided a means of communication among scientists and land managers and has proven to be of particular value in land resource survey and research programs, environmental studies and education. Classification is a basic requirement of all science and needs to be periodically revised as knowledge increases. This Second Edition of The Australian Soil Classification includes updates from a working group of the National Committee on Soil and Terrain (NCST), especially in regards to new knowledge about acid sulfate soils (sulfidic materials). Modifications include expanding the classification to incorporate different kinds of sulfidic materials, the introduction of subaqueous soils as well as new Vertosol subgroups, new Hydrosol family criteria and the consistent use of the term reticulate. All soil orders except for Ferrosols and Sodosols are affected by the changes.

Australian Soil Classification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Isbell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
National Committee ◽  
New Order ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Land Survey ◽  
Australian Soil ◽  
Main Change

The Australian Soil Classification provides a framework for organising knowledge about Australian soils by allocating soils to classes via a key. Since its publication in 1996, this book has been widely adopted and formally endorsed as the official national system. It has provided a means of communication among scientists and land managers and has proven to be of particular value in land resource survey and research programs, environmental studies and education. Classification is a basic requirement of all science and needs to be periodically revised as knowledge increases. This third edition of The Australian Soil Classification includes updates from a working group of the National Committee on Soil and Terrain (NCST). The main change in this edition accommodates new knowledge and understanding of the significance, nature, distribution and refined testing for soils comprising deep sands, leading to the inclusion of a new Order, the Arenosols. The introduction of the Arenosols Order led to a review and changes to Calcarosols, Tenosols and Rudosols. The Australian Soil Classification is Volume 4 in the Australian Soil and Land Survey Handbooks Series.

A multivariate method for matching soil classification systems, with an Australian example

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
H. F. Teng ◽  
R. A. Viscarra Rossel ◽  
R. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Vector Space ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Local Systems ◽  
Soil Units ◽  
International Systems ◽  
Australian Soil

Differences between local systems of soil classification hinder the communication between pedologists from different countries. The FAO–UNESCO Soil Map of the World, as a fruit of world-wide collaboration between innumerable soil scientists, is recognised internationally. Ideally, pedologists should be able to match whole classes in their local systems to those in an international soil classification system. The Australian Soil Classification (ASC) system, created specifically for Australian soil, is widely used in Australia, and Australian pedologists wish to translate the orders they recognise into the FAO soil units when writing for readers elsewhere. We explored the feasibility of matching soil orders in the ASC to units in the FAO legend using a multivariate analysis. Twenty soil properties, variates, of 4927 profiles were estimated from their visible–near infrared reflectance (vis–NIR) spectra. We arranged the profiles in a Euclidean 20-dimensional orthogonal vector space defined by standardised variates. Class centroids were computed in that space, and the Euclidean distances between the centroids of the ASC orders and units in the FAO scheme were also computed. The shortest distance between a centroid of any ASC order and one of units in the FAO classification was treated as a best match. With only one exception the best matches were those that an experienced pedologist might expect. Second and third nearest neighbours in the vector space provided additional insight. We conclude that vis–NIR spectra represent sufficiently well the essential characters of the soil and so spectra could form the basis for the development of a universal soil classification system. In our case, we could assign with confidence the orders of the ASC to the units of the FAO scheme. A similar approach could be applied to link other national classification systems to one or other international systems of soil classification.

Research on Retrieval System for Soil Taxonomy

2014 ◽  
Vol 519-520 ◽  
pp. 1525-1528
Author(s):  
Yang Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Retrieval System ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Rule Engine ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Automatic Retrieval ◽  
Almost All

Automatic classification retrieval for soil types has become a hot spot in the study of soil science and related fields in recent years. But almost all the studies ignored that the retrieval rules need to made revision continuously. When the retrieval rules have changed, we had to rewrite the reasoning code. It hinders the popularization and application of automatic soil classification retrieval system. This paper attempts to utilize the rule engine technique to solve the problem mentioned above. According to "Keys to Chinese Soil Taxonomy", the rule based on the form of RuleML was established, which can be modified and expanded easily. Finally, the automatic retrieval system for Soil Taxonomy is implemented with NxBRE.

Soil science and its interface with the history of geology community

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward R. Landa ◽  
Eric C. Brevik
Keyword(s):  
Earth Science ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Soil Science Society ◽  
Science History ◽  
History Of Geology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geological Sciences

Despite the historical origins of soil science as a geological science, scholarship in the history of soil science remains an outlier with respect to the presently structured history of geological sciences community. The history-oriented activities of the Soil Science Society of America, the European Geosciences Union, and the International Union of Soil Sciences show active efforts to document and extend knowledge of soil science history. An overview of pedology and its numerous links to geomorphology and other geological specialties is presented. Geologists were involved in early soil mapping, soil degradation studies, creation of soil classification systems, and development of the soil geomorphology subfield, each case demonstrating strong historical ties between geology and soil science. Areas of common interest between soil science and geology offer new opportunities for integration and cooperation in Earth science history going forward.

Assessing the Australian Soil Classification using cladistic analysis

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. L. Miltenyi ◽  
Malte C. Ebach ◽  
John Triantafilis
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Australian Soil ◽  
Made In

The Australian Soil Classification (ASC) has its roots in both the Handbook of Australian Soils and the Factual Key. The scheme’s use of mutually exclusive characteristics has led to Soil Orders containing a diverse range of soils, such as the Dermosols. The extent of these groupings has resulted in classes of soils sharing greater relationships with soils from other classes than they do with soils in the same class. Situations such as this arise from artificial classifications and highlight the need for natural classifications. Natural classifications accurately represent what is occurring in nature and are desirable because they represent evidence of a common history, process or mechanism. This study uses cladistics, a robust biological method that uncovers natural classifications, to assess the naturalness of the ASC. The analysis has the secondary aims of identifying natural soil orders and establishing which characters and tiers require revision. Two measures commonly used in cladistics, consistency index (CI) and retention index (RI), are used along with confidence levels generated by bootstrapping. The cladistic analysis undertaken consisted of coding 113 morphological and non-morphological characters used to identify 13 of the 14 Soil Orders in ASC into binary and multi-state matrices and analysis using a parsimony cladistic algorithm. The results suggest that, because of its low CI (0.196), the ASC is not a natural classification. However, certain Soil Orders of Organosols, Podosls and Vertosols, which all registered high CI, are natural. The analysis also indicated which soil morphological characters and Soil Orders require revision in order to make the ASC more natural, namely, soil colour and characters located in the Great Groups as well as Soil Orders such as Chromosols, Ferrosols and Dermosols. We conclude that cladistics offers a new avenue in discerning relationships between soils and in assessing the accuracy of, and identifying where improvements can be made in, the classifications used to identify them.

The Australian soil classification

Geoderma ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
Freddy Nachtergaele
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Australian Soil

Relationships between field texture and particle-size distribution in Australia and their implications

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budiman Minasny ◽  
Alex B. McBratney ◽  
Damien J. Field ◽  
Grant Tranter ◽  
Neil J. McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Texture Contrast ◽  
Australian Soil

This paper aims to establish the means and ranges of clay, silt, and sand contents from field texture classes, and to investigate the differences in the field texture classes and texture determined from particle-size analysis. The results of this paper have 2 practical applications: (1) to estimate the particle size distribution and its uncertainty from field texture as input to pedotransfer functions, and (2) to examine the criteria of texture contrast soils in the Australian Soil Classification system. Estimates of clay, silt, and sand content for each field texture class are given and this allows the field texture classes to be plotted in the texture triangle. There are considerable differences between field texture classes and particle-size classes. Based on the uncertainties in determining the clay content from field texture, we establish the probability of the occurrence of a texture contrast soil according to the Australian Soil Classification system, given the texture of the B2 horizon and its overlying A horizon. I enjoy doing the soil-texture feel test with my fingers or kneading a clay soil, which is a short step from ceramics or sculpture. Hans Jenny (1984)

scholarly journals Correction of inaccuracies to article of Stanisław Brożek, „Does Polish soil classification, V edition, refer to all soils in our country“ published in the Soil Science Annual, vol. 63 no. 3/2012: 49–56

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Jerzy Marcinek ◽  
Jolanta Komisarek ◽  
Andrzej Mocek ◽  
Renata Bednarek ◽  
Stefan Skiba
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Science

Streszczenie W pracy przedstawiono sprostowania nieścisłości, jakie znalazły się w artykule Stanisława Brożka pt. „Czy sys- tematyka gleb Polski, wydanie 5. dotyczy wszystkich gleb naszego kraju" opublikowanym w Rocznikach Gleboznawczych vol. 63, nr 3, 2012: 49-56. Praca ta jednak nie jest artykułem dyskusyjnym, lecz zbiorem uwag, najczęściej nieprofesjonalnych, na temat „Systematy ki gleb Polski” wyd. 5, 2011 (SgP5). Ponieważ w arty kule ty m znalazło się wiele błędów i nieścisłości wynikają- cych z niezrozumienia przez Autora istoty systematy ki gleb, a także tekstu ocenianej ..Systematyki...’', dlatego w niniejszym opraco- waniu nie podjęto szerszej dyskusji merytorycznej, jedynie przedstawiono sprostowania do błędnych wypowiedzi Autora, które dotyczą SgP5. Tym bardziej jest to konieczne, że Autor nie jest specjalistą z zakresu systematyki gleb, a Jego artykuł został opubli- kowany w gleboznawczym czasopiśmie naukowym.

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