Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Indicate Reduced Biofilm-Forming Abilities in Cefiderocol-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

The advent of cefiderocol provides hope for the clinical treatment of multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria (GNB), especially those with carbapenem resistance. Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to cefiderocol can be enhanced by acclimatization. In the present study, we collected cefiderocol resistant K. pneumoniae isolates during a 36-day acclimatization procedure while increasing the cefiderocol concentration in the culture medium. Strains were studied for changes in their biological characteristics using proteomics and transcriptomics. A decrease in biofilm formation ability was the main change observed among the induced isolates. Downregulation of genes involved in biofilm formation including hdeB, stpA, yhjQ, fba, bcsZ, uvrY, bcsE, bcsC, and ibpB were the main factors that reduced the biofilm formation ability. Moreover, downregulation of siderophore transporter proteins including the iron uptake system component efeO, the tonB-dependent receptor fecA, and ferric iron ABC transporter fbpA may be among the determining factors leading to cefiderocol resistance and promoting the reduction of biofilm formation ability of K. pneumoniae. This is the first study to investigate cefiderocol resistance based on comprehensive proteomic and transcriptomic analyses.

Contemporary terrorism against religious entities and buildings

In the era of a clear intensifi cation of terrorist attacks, as well as of the threat posed by them, changes in the current strategy of terrorist groups or persons identifying themselves with their ideology are noticeable. The main change is to focus the attacks on causing the greatest possible fear by increasing the size not so much of the damage, but of the human victims. Unfortunately, such a tactic is very effective. So far, the greatest attention of the so-called Western societies has been focused mainly on very spectacular attacks on public, commonly accessible places, where a dramatic spectacle of death was created in front of hundreds of people. However, the incident in 2016 carried out by attackers who identifi ed themselves with socalled the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria took place during the celebration of the Mass, where the clergyman conducting the celebration was killed and people attending the Mass were seriously injured, including the nuns, makes us look at the problem from a different perspective. What makes us refl ect on the above is that there were not many people in the church, but it was also not a random attack target. This event inspired the author to take a deeper look at the scale of threats that modern terrorism generates to celebrants or other clergy, as well as religious buildings.

The Forward Modeling for Surface-borehole Observation Responses of Polarized Target

Surface-hole induced polarization method is a typical deep resource exploration technology, which plays an important role in the mineral survey. The traditional surface-hole induced polarization method is mainly to observe a single polarized secondary field. At present, the time spectrum observation of polarization fields is becoming more and more popular, which greatly enriches the interpretation technology of induced polarization data. In this work, the time spectrum induced polarization method is expounded, the decay polarization fields were numerical calculated and analyzed for the typical 2-dimensional geoelectric model. The results show that for a single polarized target, the time spectrum obtained from different azimuth observation responses are basically the same, which can effectively reflect the time-varying characteristics of the polarized fields. The observation responses of polarized target at different depths can still reflect the time spectrum of decay fields. The main change of the observed response of the polarized target closer to the borehole is the response amplitude. The conclusions and simulations of this study can provide working mode for relevant research and reference for similar work.

Application of automotive safety design methodologies to the development of Euro 7 emission control systems including on board monitoring.

Euro 7 and California HD-OBD present a shift of approach in emissions control. Legislative bodies concentrate on individual vehicle conformity to standards during its lifetime on top of type approval processes in test environment. The main change is NO_x trackers in software and sensors in the exhaust pipes of all vehicles. As a consequence of constant supervision not only single point faults are taken into account in the analysis, but also cumulative parameter drift of components due to aging. To achieve normative requirements and prevent emission standards violation during exploitation, methodologies known from automotive functional safety domain and SOTIF are used to evaluate and modify a propulsion system design. An illustrative example of analysis is presented in the paper.

The Impact of Working from Home During Pandemic Times on Employees Motivation in Romanian Insurance Companies

This article represents an analysis of the impact on employees of insurance companies in Romania, of the changes that occurred following the crisis generated by the Coronavirus pandemic. With the implementation of traffic restrictions in the spring of 2020 and the introduction of quarantine in Romania, companies were forced to resort to alternative means of conducting and continuing the activity in safe conditions for employees. The main change was the implementation of work at home, doubled by a strong progress of digitalization in the field. The orientation of companies towards the customer, the desire to offer the most complete services and the need to work as much as possible in the online environment, accelerated the digital transformation processes, offering a new perspective to both customers and employees who were able to experience a large number migrating to work from home. This article pays more attention to the analysis of the direct relationship between staff motivation in the case of work at home and the results obtained, with the final result - the sustainability of the organization's activity.

Hydrodynamics and direction change of tumbling bacteria

The bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) swims in viscous fluids by rotating several helical flagellar filaments, which are gathered in a bundle behind the cell during ‘runs’ wherein the cell moves steadily forward. In between runs, the cell undergoes quick ‘tumble’ events, during which at least one flagellum reverses its rotation direction and separates from the bundle, resulting in erratic motion in place and a random reorientation of the cell. Alternating between runs and tumbles allows cells to sample space by stochastically changing their propulsion direction after each tumble. The change of direction during a tumble is not uniformly distributed but is skewed towards smaller angles with an average of about 62°–68°, as first measured by Berg and Brown (1972). Here we develop a theoretical approach to model the angular distribution of swimming E. coli cells during tumbles. We first use past experimental imaging results to construct a kinematic description of the dynamics of the flagellar filaments during a tumble. We then employ low-Reynolds number hydrodynamics to compute the consequences of the kinematic model on the force and torque balance of the cell and to deduce the overall change in orientation. The results of our model are in good agreement with experimental observations. We find that the main change of direction occurs during the ‘bundling’ part of the process wherein, at the end of a tumble, the dispersed flagellar filaments are brought back together in the helical bundle, which we confirm using a simplified forced-sphere model.

KNOWLEDGE REGARDING EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS AMONG STAFF NURSES

ABSTRACT MI is a killer disease and required treatment immediately the symptoms have been established. The term "myocardial infarction" focuses on the myocardium (the heart muscle) and the changes that occur in it due to the sudden deprivation of circulating blood, hence limited oxygen supply. The main change is necrosis (death) of myocardial tissue. The patients suffering from AMI usually experience several problems during treatment period, including mental reactions related to the illness. Key Words: Knowledge, Myocardial Infraction, Physical Inactivity, Vulnerable.

CHANGING THE PARADIGM OF STRATEGIC ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT IN A DIGITAL ECONOMY

In the context of the growing consequences of the pandemic, enterprises got a chance to introduce innovations (digital technologies) that were not previously planned, and which can solve not only the problem of the functioning of the business as such, but also improve the organizational structure of the company, data processing, and optimize management functions. Taking into account the uncertainty of the situation, it is still too early to speak unambiguously about the effectiveness of such innovative solutions, but they definitely became a mechanism for maintaining the stability of the functioning of companies and counteracting a significant drop in income. The article substantiates the need for changes in the paradigm of strategic enterprise management, which modern conditions require, and identifies the main change in the strategy of digital transformation and key features and elements. The general approach to strategy formation of digital transformation as strategic updating of its basic components is presented.

Australian Soil Classification

The Australian Soil Classification provides a framework for organising knowledge about Australian soils by allocating soils to classes via a key. Since its publication in 1996, this book has been widely adopted and formally endorsed as the official national system. It has provided a means of communication among scientists and land managers and has proven to be of particular value in land resource survey and research programs, environmental studies and education. Classification is a basic requirement of all science and needs to be periodically revised as knowledge increases. This third edition of The Australian Soil Classification includes updates from a working group of the National Committee on Soil and Terrain (NCST). The main change in this edition accommodates new knowledge and understanding of the significance, nature, distribution and refined testing for soils comprising deep sands, leading to the inclusion of a new Order, the Arenosols. The introduction of the Arenosols Order led to a review and changes to Calcarosols, Tenosols and Rudosols. The Australian Soil Classification is Volume 4 in the Australian Soil and Land Survey Handbooks Series.

Cyberprzestrzeń w polskim dyskursie parlamentarnym

The subject matter of the article is the conceptualization of cyberspace in the Polish parliamentary discourse. It was recognised as important to identify how representatives of legislature perceived cyberspace in 2001–2018. The source of analyses were texts excerpted from the Polish Parliamentary Corpus. In the research ethnolinguistic and cognitive linguistics approach (linguistic and discursive worldview) and diachronic linguistics approach were applied to establish fixed and variable elements of cyberspace conceptualization. The following components were identified as fixed: the perception of cyberspace in threat terms (legal and military contexts) and its definitional elusiveness. In turn, the transition from treating the studied phenomenon as a novelty to its empowerment may be seen as the main change here.