scholarly journals India's pharmaceutical industry: hype or high tech take-off?

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabodh Malhotra ◽  
Hans Lofgren
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Competitive Strength ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

India has built a large pharmaceutical industry through an array of measures in support of domestic firms. The absence of product patents enabled Indian companies to become world leading producers of generic versions of patented drugs. Low costs and a strong engineering tradition continue to sustain competitive strength. The implementation of the World Trade Organization patent regime in 2005 is driving a transformation of the industry. Key elements of the present shake-up include the return of ?big pharma? companies on a large scale and the emergence of several Indian firms that aim to become fullyfledged research-based multinationals. This article provides a description of the development and structure of the Indian pharmaceutical industry and explores questions and challenges arising from its integration into global markets.

Outlook on China's Pharma Development — 2004

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Capie
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
Compliance Requirements

China's pharmaceutical industry is undergoing tremendous positive transformations, spurred both by the government's economic and political policies and the increasing investment/involvement by foreign pharma firms in China. This paper will describe the three major forces driving the changes: economic, regulatory and China's entrance into the World Trade Organization. These changes will contribute to China's emergence in the next decade as a major force in the international pharmaceutical arena, but the speed with which this will happen is contingent on overcoming the still-existing problems of intellectual property enforcement, regulatory capabilities, innovative skills and meeting EU/US good manufacturing practice quality and compliance requirements.

scholarly journals How to make progress in disciplining overfishing subsidies

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Rashid Sumaila
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
International Community ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Global Community ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
The World ◽  
International Fisheries

Abstract Sumaila, U. R. 2013. How to make progress in disciplining overfishing subsidies. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 251–258. The World Trade Organization (WTO) has been working for more than seven years now to discipline overfishing subsidies, as mandated by the global community, without success. I argue that this failure is partly because WTO negotiators aim for an all-inclusive deal, i.e. negotiations are conducted as a “single undertaking”, whereby results must be achieved in all areas. Negotiators are required to broker an all-inclusive deal for all maritime WTO member countries and for all fisheries, whether domestic or international; small or large scale; developing or developed country fisheries. It is argued here that this commitment to a “single undertaking” does not align the incentive to remove subsidies with national interests, and therefore needs to be changed by splitting the world's fisheries into domestic and international fisheries. In this way, the battle for eliminating overfishing subsidies for some stocks would shift to home countries, and for others this would still rest with the international community. This split, it is argued, would align the incentives and improve the chances of eliminating overfishing subsidies.

scholarly journals Intellectual property rights and its implications for the pharmaceutical industry in Iraq under accession to the World Trade Organization

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Assist. Prof. Dr. Sabah Neama Ali, M Dalia Omar Nazmi ◽  
Dr Yousif Aftan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
World Trade ◽  
High Price ◽  
Price Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The main risks arising from the WTO Agreement are the inequality and lack of competitiveness of most pharmaceutical goods, as well as the fact that Iraq is a net importer of medicines that are at the core of consumer needs, The subject matter of the Convention on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights and its implications for the pharmaceutical industry, in particular, coinciding with the situation of financial and administrative corruption, all of which has resulted in drug fraud in the Iraqi market and its impact on public health. The control of medical technology, the persistence of the technological gap and its effects on high price levels, and the fact that domestic drug producers are obliged to obtain production licenses from global companies in the light of limited access to pharmaceutical research and development. The research aims at the impact of economic liberalization within the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its negative effects on consumers by highlighting the economic and social effects on consumption by raising prices and monopolies and restricting the volume of consumer demand because of the loss of the competitive advantage of pharmaceutical goods. Iraq's unwillingness to accede to the International Convention for the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the deterioration of the pharmaceutical industry meant increased dependence on the outside, increased trade deficits, higher price levels, and its adverse effects on consumers. Iraq finds it difficult for developed countries to use their intellectual rights as well as restrict industrial and agricultural work because production and production methods are now subject to their intellectual property protection law, which prevents any possible industrial development. The most significant potential short-term impact of TRIPS is the decline in drug production, which continues to be protected. The great challenge for drug producers is the need to

Russian Policy of Agriculture Support and the Necessity of Its Modification after WTO Accession

2012 ◽  
pp. 132-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Wto Accession ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Agriculture Support

The article deals with the features of the Russian policy of agriculture support in comparison with the EU and the US policies. Comparative analysis is held considering the scales and levels of collective agriculture support, sources of supporting means, levels and mechanisms of support of agricultural production manufacturers, its consumers, agrarian infrastructure establishments, manufacturers and consumers of each of the principal types of agriculture production. The author makes an attempt to estimate the consequences of Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization based on a hypothesis that this will result in unification of the manufacturers and consumers’ protection levels in Russia with the countries that have long been WTO members.

A Decade of the World Trade Organization and the Trade Performance of Muslim Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Ruzita Mohd. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Wto Agreements

The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on 1 January 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played an important role in promoting global free trade. The implementation of its agreements, however, has not been smooth and easy. In fact this has been particularly difficult for developing countries, since they are expected to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. After more than a decade of existence, it is worth looking at the WTO’s impact on developing countries, particularly Muslim countries. This paper focuses mainly on the performance of merchandise trade of Muslim countries after they joined the WTO. I first analyze their participation in world merchandise trade and highlight their trade characteristics in general. This is then followed by a short discussion on the implications of WTO agreements on Muslim countries and some recommendations on how to face this challenge.

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